Hasan Obada, Ayaz Ahmed, Jessar Muneeba, Docherty Charles, Hashmi Pervaiz
Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan .
Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
J Pak Med Assoc. 2019 Feb;69(Suppl 1)(1):S62-S68.
Operative skills are the heart and soul of surgical practice. An extensive amount of literature has been devoted to the art and science of acquiring these skills which start by mastering basic skills until automaticity has been achieved. The current model of surgical education is purely based on sheer volume of patients, restrictions in the maximum number of working hours for trainees and increased pressures of operating room efficiency. This leads to limited teaching time. Adding to the scenario is the emphasis on patient safety and greater awareness of medico-legal consequences following medical errors. All this has significantly hampered the learning experience of surgical trainees and limited the expert surgeon's ability to fulfil trainees' learning needs during complex procedures. Thus, learning strategies outside the operating room were required to provide an ideal environment for learning without putting patients' health at risk. This has led to increased use of simulators in modern surgical training. The situation is even more worrisome in developing countries where the availability of these facilities is either extremely limited or nonexistent. The current narrative review was planned to go over the importance of simulation in surgical education and to question its utility in developing countries.
手术技能是外科实践的核心与灵魂。大量文献致力于探讨获取这些技能的艺术与科学，这些技能始于掌握基本技能，直至达到自动化程度。当前的外科教育模式纯粹基于患者数量、对实习生最长工作时间的限制以及手术室效率压力的增加。这导致教学时间有限。此外，强调患者安全以及对医疗失误后法律后果的更高认识，所有这些都严重阻碍了外科实习生的学习体验，并限制了专家外科医生在复杂手术过程中满足实习生学习需求的能力。因此，需要手术室之外的学习策略来提供一个理想的学习环境，而不会危及患者健康。这导致现代外科培训中模拟器的使用增加。在发展中国家，情况更为令人担忧，因为这些设施的可用性要么极其有限，要么根本不存在。本次叙述性综述旨在探讨模拟在外科教育中的重要性，并质疑其在发展中国家的实用性。
