kelten römer museum manching, Manching, Germany.
Institute of Botany (210a), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
PLoS One. 2019 Jan 30;14(1):e0210438. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210438. eCollection 2019.
Studying the dynamic of Neolithic settlement on a local scale and its connection to climate variability is often difficult due to missing on-site climate reconstructions from natural archives. Here we bring together archaeological settlement data and a regional climate reconstruction from precipitation-sensitive trees. Both archives hold information about regional settlement dynamics and hydroclimate variability spanning the time of the first farming communities, the so called Linearbandkeramik (LBK) in Bavaria, Germany. Precipitation-sensitive tree-ring series from subfossil oak are used to develop a spring-summer precipitation reconstruction (5700-4800 B.C.E.) representative for southern Germany. Early Neolithic settlement data from Bavaria, mainly for the duration of the LBK settlement activities, are critically evaluated and compared to this unique regional hydroclimate reconstruction as well as to reconstructions of Greenland temperature, summer sea surface temperature, delta 18O and global solar irradiance to investigate the potential impact of climate on Neolithic settlers and their settlement dynamic during the LBK. Our hydroclimate reconstruction demonstrates an extraordinarily high frequency of severe dry and wet spring-summer seasons during the entire LBK, with particularly high year-to-year variability from 5400 to 5101 B.C.E. and with lower fluctuations until 4801 B.C.E. A significant influence of regional climate on the dynamic of the LBK is possible (e.g. around 4960 B.C.E.), but should be interpreted very carefully due to asynchronous trends in settlement dynamics. Thus, we conclude that even when a climate proxy such as tree rings that has excellent spatio-temporal resolution is available, it remains difficult to establish potential connections between the settlement dynamic of the LBK and climate variability.
由于缺乏来自自然档案的现场气候重建，因此很难在当地范围内研究新石器时代定居点的动态及其与气候变化的关系。在这里，我们将考古定居点数据和来自降水敏感树木的区域气候重建结合在一起。这两个档案都包含有关区域定居动态和水文气候变异性的信息，这些信息涵盖了德国巴伐利亚地区第一个农耕社区的时间，即所谓的线性罐形陶器（LBK）。利用亚化石栎树的降水敏感树木年轮序列，开发了一种代表德国南部的春夏季降水重建（公元前 5700-4800 年）。对来自巴伐利亚的新石器早期定居点数据（主要是 LBK 定居活动的时间段）进行了严格评估，并将其与该独特的区域水文气候重建以及格陵兰温度，夏季海面温度，δ 18O 和全球太阳辐射的重建进行了比较，以调查气候对新石器时代定居者及其在 LBK 期间的定居动态的潜在影响。我们的气候重建表明，在整个 LBK 期间，春季和夏季的严重干旱和湿润季节的频率异常高，尤其是在公元前 5400 年至 5101 年之间的年际变化非常大，而在公元前 4801 年之前的波动较小。区域气候对 LBK 动态的影响可能很大（例如，公元前 4960 年左右），但由于定居动态的趋势不同步，因此应非常谨慎地解释。因此，我们得出的结论是，即使存在具有出色时空分辨率的气候代理（例如树木年轮），仍然很难确定 LBK 定居动态与气候变化之间的潜在联系。
