Konstantinou Sotirios, Veloukas Thomas, Leroch Michaela, Menexes George, Hahn Matthias, Karaoglanidis George
Laboratory of Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), POB 269, Thessaloniki, 511 24, Greece.
Plant Pathology Group, Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
Plant Dis. 2015 Feb;99(2):240-248. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-04-14-0373-RE.
Botrytis cinerea is a pathogen with high genetic variability that has also shown high risk for fungicide resistance development. In total, 1,169 isolates obtained from strawberry (n = 297) and tomato (n = 872) in five geographic regions of Greece were tested for their sensitivity to several botryticides. A high frequency of isolates with multiple resistance to carbendazim, cyprodinil, pyraclostrobin, and boscalid was found in isolates from strawberry. In the isolates from tomato, the predominant phenotype was that of dual resistance to carbendazim and cyprodinil in the Crete island, of single resistance to carbendazim in the region of Preveza, and of sensitive isolates in the region of Kyparissia. None of the tested isolates was found to be fludioxonil resistant. High frequencies of boscalid-resistant phenotypes were observed in the strawberry isolates, while boscalid-resistance frequency in the tomato isolates was lower. H272R was the predominant sdhB mutation, associated with resistance to boscalid, in all the sampled isolates, while other sdhB mutations were found at low frequencies. B. cinerea group S, identified by the presence of a 21-bp insertion in the transcription factor mrr1 gene, was predominant within the tomato isolates obtained from all three sampled regions, with frequencies ranging from 62 to 75% of the isolates; whereas, within strawberry isolates, B. cinerea was predominant, with frequencies of 75 to 95%. Correlations of isolate genotype and fungicide resistance profile showed that B. cinerea sensu stricto isolates were more prone to the development of resistance to boscalid compared with the Botrytis group S isolates, which may explain the observed predominance of B. cinerea sensu stricto in strawberry fields.
灰葡萄孢是一种具有高度遗传变异性的病原菌，对杀菌剂产生抗性的风险也很高。总共对从希腊五个地理区域的草莓（n = 297）和番茄（n = 872）中获得的1169个分离株进行了几种葡萄孢属杀菌剂的敏感性测试。在草莓分离株中发现了对多菌灵、嘧菌环胺、吡唑醚菌酯和啶酰菌胺具有多重抗性的分离株频率很高。在番茄分离株中，主要表型是在克里特岛对多菌灵和嘧菌环胺具有双重抗性，在普雷韦扎地区对多菌灵具有单一抗性，在基帕里西亚地区是敏感分离株。未发现测试的分离株对咯菌腈耐药。在草莓分离株中观察到啶酰菌胺抗性表型的频率很高，而番茄分离株中的啶酰菌胺抗性频率较低。H272R是所有采样分离株中与啶酰菌胺抗性相关的主要sdhB突变，而其他sdhB突变的频率较低。通过转录因子mrr1基因中存在21 bp插入鉴定的灰葡萄孢S组，在从所有三个采样区域获得的番茄分离株中占主导地位，分离株频率范围为62%至75%；而在草莓分离株中，灰葡萄孢占主导地位，频率为75%至95%。分离株基因型与杀菌剂抗性谱的相关性表明，与灰葡萄孢S组分离株相比，严格意义上的灰葡萄孢分离株更容易对啶酰菌胺产生抗性，这可能解释了在草莓田中观察到的严格意义上的灰葡萄孢占主导地位的现象。
