Department of Clinical Dietetics, Warsaw Medical University Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Pediatrics and Endocrinology, Warsaw Medical University Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1153:91-100. doi: 10.1007/5584_2018_330.
Inappropriate dietary habits influence the development of excessive body weight. The role of added sugars, including fructose, notably is significant in this process. It is estimated that fructose intake has increased many times over the past two centuries. The aim of the study was to define the effect of fructose consumption on anthropometric indices and lipid metabolism in obese (body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m) children and adolescents. The study included 84 patients (47 girls and 37 boys) aged 7-18 years, divided into prepubertal, pubertal, and post-pubertal age groups. Aside from BMI, the assessment comprised waist circumference, body composition estimated with bioelectrical impedance (BIA), plasma lipid profile, fructose intake consumption based on a 3-day menu analysis, and a number of calculated atherogenic indices. The major findings were that total daily fructose intake was high, on average, ranging from 19 to 26 g, with no appreciable relation to age. A higher fructose intake from beverages is significantly associated with the percentage of body fat, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, and also with the content of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and the level of atherogenic indices. In conclusion, fructose appears a particularly unfavorable component in children's diet as it is conducive to visceral obesity and atherogenic lipid profile. However, inadequate proportions of other macronutrients may also be at play in the development of metabolic diet-related disorders.
不适当的饮食习惯会影响体重的增加。在这个过程中，添加糖（包括果糖）的作用尤为重要。据估计，在过去的两个世纪里，果糖的摄入量增加了很多倍。本研究的目的是确定果糖的摄入对肥胖（体重指数（BMI）>30kg/m）儿童和青少年的人体测量指数和脂质代谢的影响。该研究包括 84 名年龄在 7-18 岁的患者（47 名女孩和 37 名男孩），分为青春期前、青春期和青春期后年龄组。除了 BMI 外，评估还包括腰围、生物电阻抗（BIA）估计的身体成分、血浆脂质谱、基于 3 天菜单分析的果糖摄入量以及一些计算出的动脉粥样硬化指数。主要发现是，总果糖日摄入量很高，平均范围为 19-26g，与年龄无明显关系。来自饮料的较高果糖摄入量与体脂肪百分比、腰围、腰高比以及总胆固醇、甘油三酯含量和动脉粥样硬化指数水平显著相关。总之，果糖作为儿童饮食中一种特别不利的成分，容易导致内脏肥胖和动脉粥样硬化的脂质谱。然而，其他宏量营养素的比例不足也可能在代谢相关饮食紊乱的发展中起作用。
