Littrell J
School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287.
J Stud Alcohol. 1988 Nov;49(6):491-509. doi: 10.15288/jsa.1988.49.491.
The authors of the widely cited studies analyzing the Swedish adoption records of the children of alcoholics have advanced the notion that there are three distinct paths for the inheritance of alcoholism. One path results in moderate alcoholism in men and a form of somatization but no alcoholism in women. A second path results in severe and mild alcoholism in men and alcoholism in women. The third path results in a particular variety of alcohol abuse in men and a particular variety of somatization in women. This article analyzes the authors' claims. It is argued that the data were improperly analyzed for the conclusions reached and alternative parsimonious explanations for the results are offered. Although the Swedish studies do not offer support for three distinct paths of inheritance of alcoholism, they do support the inheritability of alcoholism and suggest that alcoholism may be linked with somatization in women. Unfortunately, reasonable questions can be raised about the generalizability of the data base.
那些被广泛引用的、分析酗酒者子女瑞典领养记录的研究作者们提出了这样一种观点，即酗酒的遗传存在三种不同的途径。一种途径导致男性出现中度酗酒以及一种躯体化形式，但女性不会出现酗酒。第二种途径导致男性出现重度和轻度酗酒，女性出现酗酒。第三种途径导致男性出现一种特定类型的酒精滥用，女性出现一种特定类型的躯体化。本文分析了作者们的论断。有人认为，所得到的结论对数据的分析不当，并对结果提供了其他简约的解释。尽管瑞典的研究并不支持酗酒遗传的三种不同途径，但它们确实支持酗酒的可遗传性，并表明酗酒可能与女性的躯体化有关。不幸的是，对于该数据库的普遍性可以提出合理的质疑。
