Sinclair J D, Lê A D, Kiianmaa K
Research Laboratories, Finnish State Alcohol Company (Alko Ltd), Helsinki, Finland.
Experientia. 1989 Sep 15;45(9):798-805. doi: 10.1007/BF01954055.
The offspring of rats that voluntarily select larger quantities of alcohol are heavier consumers of alcohol than the offspring of rats that tend to avoid it. Such selective breeding, repeated over many generations, was used to develop the AA (Alko, Alcohol) line of rats which prefer 10% alcohol to water, and the ANA (Alko, Non-Alcohol) line of rats which choose water to the virtual exclusion of alcohol. In addition to demonstrating the likely role of genetic factors in alcohol consumption, these lines have been used to find behavioral, metabolic, and neurochemical correlates of differential alcohol intake. Some of the line differences that have been found involve the reinforcing effects of ethanol, the changes in consumption produced by alcohol deprivation and nutritional factors, the behavioral and adrenal monoamine reactions to mild stress, the development of tolerance, the accumulation of acetaldehyde during ethanol metabolism, and the brain levels of serotonin. It is hoped that these studies will lead to a better understanding of the genetically-determined mechanisms that influence the selection of alcohol.
自愿选择大量酒精的大鼠的后代比倾向于避免酒精的大鼠的后代饮酒量更大。经过多代重复这样的选择性育种，培育出了AA（阿尔科，酒精）品系大鼠，它们更喜欢10%的酒精而非水；以及ANA（阿尔科，非酒精）品系大鼠，它们几乎只选择水而排斥酒精。除了证明遗传因素在酒精消费中可能发挥的作用外，这些品系还被用于寻找不同酒精摄入量的行为、代谢和神经化学相关因素。已发现的一些品系差异包括乙醇的强化作用、酒精剥夺和营养因素引起的消费变化、对轻度应激的行为和肾上腺单胺反应、耐受性的发展、乙醇代谢过程中乙醛的积累以及血清素的脑内水平。希望这些研究能让人们更好地理解影响酒精选择的基因决定机制。
