Trudeau Karine, Rousseau Marie-Claude, Csizmadi Ilona, Parent Marie-Élise
Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Quebec, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada.
School of Public Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, 7101 avenue du Parc, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada.
Prev Med Rep. 2018 Dec 29;13:205-213. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.12.017. eCollection 2019 Mar.
The purpose of this study was to describe dietary patterns among 1636 French-speaking men residing in Montreal, Canada and to assess sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics of men adhering to the dietary patterns identified. Participants were population controls from the Prostate Cancer and Environment Study, a case-control study conducted between 2006 and 2011 in Montreal. Information on diet was collected using a food frequency questionnaire, and principal component analysis, a data-driven method and method, was used to identify dietary patterns. Three dietary patterns were identified; Healthy, Modified Western - Salty and Modified Western - Sweet patterns accounted for 7.0%, 5.4%, and 3.2% of the variance, respectively. The Healthy pattern was characterized by consumption of fruits, vegetables, vegetable soup, chicken, fish and seafood, cheese, rice, yogurt, and wine. The Modified Western - Salty pattern included high loadings for beef, pork, chicken, hot-dogs or sausages, cold cuts, bacon, barbecue cooking, meat slightly blackened, potatoes, pasta with tomato sauce, pizza, pastries, dark carbonated soft drinks, ice cream, and white bread. The third pattern, labelled as Modified Western - Sweet, had high loadings of cookies, muffins, cakes, pastries, pies, ice cream, fruits and vegetables. In multivariate analyses, the Healthy pattern was positively associated with higher income and education, moderate recreational physical activity and less heavy smoking, and inversely associated with French ancestry. The Modified Western - Salty pattern was positively associated with French, other European, and Latino ancestries, and with married and common-law relationships. Finally, the Modified Western - Sweet pattern was more common among men of French ancestry and users of vitamin/mineral supplements. The Healthy pattern has been frequently observed in other Western populations, but the other two are described for the first time in a study population of men.
本研究旨在描述居住在加拿大蒙特利尔的1636名说法语男性的饮食模式，并评估遵循所确定饮食模式的男性的社会人口学和生活方式特征。参与者是前列腺癌与环境研究中的人群对照，这是一项2006年至2011年在蒙特利尔开展的病例对照研究。使用食物频率问卷收集饮食信息，并采用主成分分析（一种数据驱动方法）来确定饮食模式。确定了三种饮食模式；健康模式、改良西方咸食模式和改良西方甜食模式分别占变异的7.0%、5.4%和3.2%。健康模式的特点是食用水果、蔬菜、蔬菜汤、鸡肉、鱼类和海鲜、奶酪、米饭、酸奶和葡萄酒。改良西方咸食模式在牛肉、猪肉、鸡肉、热狗或香肠、冷切肉、培根、烧烤烹饪、微焦肉类、土豆、番茄酱意大利面、披萨、糕点、深色碳酸软饮料、冰淇淋和白面包方面得分较高。第三种模式被标记为改良西方甜食模式，在饼干、松饼、蛋糕、糕点、派、冰淇淋、水果和蔬菜方面得分较高。在多变量分析中，健康模式与较高收入和教育水平、适度的休闲体育活动以及较少的重度吸烟呈正相关，与法国血统呈负相关。改良西方咸食模式与法国、其他欧洲和拉丁裔血统以及已婚和同居关系呈正相关。最后，改良西方甜食模式在法国血统男性和维生素/矿物质补充剂使用者中更为常见。健康模式在其他西方人群中经常被观察到，但另外两种模式是在男性研究人群中首次被描述。
