Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, 201 More Hall, Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98195-2700, USA.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, 201 More Hall, Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98195-2700, USA.
Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2019 Jun;57:50-55. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.12.007. Epub 2019 Jan 29.
This review summarizes strategies for biological nitrogen removal (BNR) and recovery from wastewater. The most commonly used BNR technology nitrification/denitrification is also the most energy intensive, even though there are lower energy options, including nitritation/denitritation and more efficient partial nitritation/Anammox; the latter is well demonstrated for side-stream treatment and progressing toward mainstream applications. Nitrogen recovery can be done through cell assimilation with phototrophs, but bottlenecks with solids separation and space requirements limit applications to tertiary treatment. Whereas, microbial electrochemical cells are energy efficient at recovering nitrogen from side streams, but not capable of achieving low effluent levels. The combined strengths of these emerging approaches will improve wastewater nitrogen removal by reducing energy consumption, minimizing effluent nitrogen, and maximizing nitrogen recovery.
本综述总结了从废水中进行生物脱氮 (BNR) 和回收的策略。最常用的 BNR 技术硝化/反硝化也是最耗能的，尽管有更低能耗的选择，包括亚硝化/反硝化和更高效的部分亚硝化/厌氧氨氧化；后者在侧流处理中得到了很好的证明，并正在向主流应用发展。氮可以通过与好氧微生物的细胞同化进行回收，但固体分离和空间要求的瓶颈限制了其在三级处理中的应用。相比之下，微生物电化学电池从侧流中回收氮的效率很高，但无法达到低出水氮水平。这些新兴方法的综合优势将通过降低能耗、最大限度地减少出水氮和最大限度地回收氮来提高废水的脱氮能力。
