Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
Plant Sci. 2019 Feb;279:3-18. doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.03.010. Epub 2018 Mar 14.
Plants require a complex immune system to defend themselves against a wide range of pathogens which threaten their growth and development. The nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat proteins (NLRs) are immune sensors that recognize effectors delivered by pathogens. The first NLR was cloned more than twenty years ago. Since this initial discovery, NLRs have been described as key components of plant immunity responsible for pathogen recognition and triggering defense responses. They have now been described in most of the well-studied mulitcellular plant species, with most having large NLR repertoires. As research has progressed so has the understanding of how NLRs interact with their recognition substrates and how they in turn activate downstream signalling. It has also become apparent that NLR regulation occurs at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels. Even before the first NLR was cloned, breeders were utilising such genes to increase crop performance. Increased understanding of the mechanistic details of the plant immune system enable the generation of plants resistant against devastating pathogens. This review aims to give an updated summary of the NLR field.
植物需要一个复杂的免疫系统来抵御各种威胁其生长和发育的病原体。核苷酸结合富含亮氨酸重复蛋白（NLRs）是识别病原体传递的效应子的免疫传感器。第一个 NLR 是在二十多年前被克隆的。自最初的发现以来，NLRs 被描述为植物免疫的关键组成部分，负责识别病原体并触发防御反应。它们现在已经在大多数研究充分的多细胞植物物种中被描述，其中大多数具有大量的 NLR 库。随着研究的进展，人们对 NLR 如何与其识别底物相互作用以及它们如何反过来激活下游信号转导的理解也在不断加深。人们也逐渐意识到，NLR 的调控发生在转录、转录后、翻译和翻译后水平。甚至在第一个 NLR 被克隆之前，育种者就已经在利用这些基因来提高作物的性能。对植物免疫系统的机制细节的深入了解使人们能够培育出抗毁灭性病原体的植物。本综述旨在对 NLR 领域进行更新总结。
