Bioinformatics Centre, School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.
School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.
Funct Integr Genomics. 2023 Jun 20;23(3):207. doi: 10.1007/s10142-023-01133-w.
Introgression of disease resistance genes (R-genes) to fight against an array of phytopathogens takes several years using conventional breeding approaches. Pathogens develop mechanism(s) to escape plants immune system by evolving new strains/races, thus making them susceptible to disease. Conversely, disruption of host susceptibility factors (or S-genes) provides opportunities for resistance breeding in crops. S-genes are often exploited by phytopathogens to promote their growth and infection. Therefore, identification and targeting of disease susceptibility genes (S-genes) are gaining more attention for the acquisition of resistance in plants. Genome engineering of S-genes results in targeted, transgene-free gene modification through CRISPR-Cas-mediated technology and has been reported in several agriculturally important crops. In this review, we discuss the defense mechanism in plants against phytopathogens, tug of war between R-genes and S-genes, in silico techniques for identification of host-target (S-) genes and pathogen effector molecule(s), CRISPR-Cas-mediated S-gene engineering, its applications, challenges, and future prospects.
利用传统的育种方法，将抗病基因（R-基因）导入植物以抵御多种植物病原体需要数年时间。病原体通过进化产生新的菌株/品种来逃避植物的免疫系统，从而使植物易受疾病侵害。相反，破坏宿主易感性因素（或 S-基因）为作物的抗性育种提供了机会。S-基因经常被植物病原体利用来促进其生长和感染。因此，鉴定和靶向疾病易感性基因（S-基因）越来越受到关注，以在植物中获得抗性。S-基因的基因组工程通过 CRISPR-Cas 介导的技术实现了靶向、无转基因的基因修饰，并已在几种重要的农业作物中得到报道。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了植物抵御植物病原体的防御机制、R-基因和 S-基因之间的拉锯战、宿主靶标（S-）基因和病原体效应分子的计算技术鉴定、CRISPR-Cas 介导的 S-基因工程及其应用、挑战和未来前景。
