State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China; Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China; Govt. of Punjab, Agriculture Department, Lahore, Pakistan.
Microb Pathog. 2019 Apr;129:7-18. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.01.042. Epub 2019 Jan 30.
Fungal diseases cause considerable damage to the economically important crops worldwide thus posing continuous threat to global food security. Management of these diseases is normally done via utilization of chemicals that have severe negative impact upon human health and surrounding ecosystems. Finding eco-friendly alternatives has led the researchers to focus towards biological control of fungal diseases through biocontrol agents such as antagonistic fungi (AF) and other microorganisms. AF include various genera of fungi that cure the fungal diseases on plants effectively. Furthermore, they play a regulatory role in various plant physiological pathways and interactions. AF are highly host specific having negligible effects on non-target organisms and have fast mass production capability. However, understanding the mechanisms of the effects of AF on plant diseases is a prerequisite for their effective utilization as biocontrol agent. Trichoderma is one of the most important fungal genera known for its antagonistic activity against disease causing fungal pathogens. Therefore, in this review, we have focused upon Trichoderma-mediated fungal diseases management via illustrating its taxonomy, important strains, biodiversity and mode of action. Furthermore, we have assessed the criteria to be followed for selection of AF and the factors influencing their efficiency. Finally, we evaluated the advantages and limitations of Trichoderma as AF. We conclude that effective AF utilization against fungal pathogens can serve as a safe strategy for our Planet.
真菌病对全球经济重要作物造成了相当大的破坏，因此对全球粮食安全构成持续威胁。这些疾病的管理通常通过利用对人类健康和周围生态系统有严重负面影响的化学品来完成。寻找环保替代品促使研究人员通过拮抗菌（AF）和其他微生物等生物防治剂来关注真菌病害的生物防治。AF 包括各种有效治疗植物真菌病害的真菌属。此外，它们在各种植物生理途径和相互作用中发挥调节作用。AF 具有高度的宿主特异性，对非目标生物几乎没有影响，并且具有快速的大规模生产能力。然而，了解 AF 对植物病害影响的机制是将其有效用作生物防治剂的前提。木霉属是已知对致病真菌病原体具有拮抗活性的最重要的真菌属之一。因此，在本综述中，我们通过说明其分类、重要菌株、生物多样性和作用模式，重点介绍了木霉属介导的真菌病害管理。此外，我们评估了选择 AF 应遵循的标准以及影响其效率的因素。最后，我们评估了木霉属作为 AF 的优缺点。我们得出结论，针对真菌病原体的有效 AF 利用可以作为我们星球的安全策略。
