Van Os W A, Edelman D A
Elisabeth Gasthuis, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Haarlem, The Netherlands.
Adv Contracept. 1988 Sep;4(3):165-78. doi: 10.1007/BF01849434.
The Multiload IUD with an exposed copper surface area of 250 mm2 (MLCu250) was developed in 1972 and has become one of the most widely used IUDs. Modifications to the MLCu250 include an increase in the area of exposed copper wire to 375 mm2 (the MLCu375) and an increase in the diameter of copper wire from 0.3 to 0.4 mm. The Multiload has been evaluated extensively in noncomparative and comparative clinical trials. In these latter studies the MLCu250 performed better than the Cu-7 and TCu-200, and the MLCu375 performed better than the Fincoid or Nova T and about equally as well as the TCu380. Pooled data from over 26,000 insertions of the MLCu250 gave the following 3-year cumulative event rates (per 100 women): pregnancy, 2.0; expulsion, 3.1; removal for pain/bleeding, 7.1. Comparative studies of the Multiload and other IUDs have shown all IUDs in current use are associated with similar rates of pelvic inflammatory disease. IUDs such as the MLCu375 that have larger copper surface areas appear to be associated with lower ectopic pregnancy rates. Follow-up studies of women who have had their Multiloads removed indicate that use of the device does not impair future fertility or affect pregnancy outcome. All IUD users, regardless of the type of IUD used, are at risk of complications. On balance, the benefits of IUD usage far exceed the associated risks.
暴露铜表面积为250平方毫米的多负载宫内节育器（MLCu250）于1972年研发出来，已成为使用最广泛的宫内节育器之一。对MLCu250的改进包括将暴露铜线面积增加到375平方毫米（MLCu375），以及将铜线直径从0.3毫米增加到0.4毫米。多负载宫内节育器已在非对比性和对比性临床试验中得到广泛评估。在这些后期研究中，MLCu250的表现优于Cu - 7和TCu - 200，MLCu375的表现优于芬科德或诺瓦T，与TCu380大致相当。来自超过26000例MLCu250植入的汇总数据得出以下3年累积事件发生率（每100名女性）：妊娠，2.0；排出，3.1；因疼痛/出血取出，7.1。多负载宫内节育器与其他宫内节育器的对比研究表明，目前使用的所有宫内节育器盆腔炎发生率相似。诸如MLCu375等铜表面积较大的宫内节育器似乎与较低的宫外孕发生率相关。对已取出多负载宫内节育器的女性的随访研究表明，使用该装置不会损害未来生育能力或影响妊娠结局。所有宫内节育器使用者，无论使用何种类型的宫内节育器，都有发生并发症的风险。总体而言，使用宫内节育器的益处远超过相关风险。
