Kastamonu University, Faculty of Fisheries, Kastamonu, Turkey.
Kastamonu University, Institute of Science, Department of Aquaculture, Kastamonu, Turkey.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2019 Apr;87:401-409. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.01.046. Epub 2019 Jan 31.
In this study, therapeutic effects of aqueous methanolic extracts of beard lichen (Usnea barbata) against Lactococcus garvieae (ATCC 43921) in rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) were investigated. Six different experimental groups [0 mg/100 μL (Control), 4 mg/100 μL, 8 mg/100 μL, 12 mg/100 μL, 6 mg/100 μL florfenicol (positive control), 6 mg/100 μL erythromycin (positive control)] were set up to determine effects of lichen extract on immune responses and survival rate. In the study, superoxide radical production was increased in fish treated with 12 mg beard lichen extract, florfenicol and erythromycin compared to that of control (P < 0.05). Lysozyme activity was generally decreased (P < 0.05) or no differences were observed in all experimental groups compared to that of control (P > 0.05). Myeloperoxidase was significantly increased in all antibiotic treated groups. No differences were observed in liver histology of experimental groups compared to control. Cytokine gene expressions were elevated in all experimental groups compared to that of control (P < 0.05), except IL-1β expression at 10th day sampling time. Other immune related genes (IL-8, TGF- β, IL-12 Beta, TNFα1, IL-10, COX-2, IL-6, TLR5, C3, IGM, MHC-II, iNOS, IgT, IFN1, IFN2, IFN reg) were also elevated in all experimental groups compared to that of control group. The survival rates obtained in 4 mg beard lichen treated group, 8 mg beard lichen treated group and erythromycin treated group were 73.08, 65.38 and 80.77% respectively. Our results suggest that beard lichen methanolic extract could be an effective therapeutic agent to be used against L. garvieae infection in rainbow trout at the dose of 4 mg/17.41 ± 0.3 g body weight/day.
在这项研究中，我们考察了药用胡须地衣（Usnea barbata）的甲醇提取物对虹鳟鱼（Onchorhynchus mykiss）中腐败希瓦氏菌（Lactococcus garvieae）的治疗效果。共设置了 6 个不同的实验组[0 mg/100 μL（对照组）、4 mg/100 μL、8 mg/100 μL、12 mg/100 μL、6 mg/100 μL 氟苯尼考（阳性对照组）、6 mg/100 μL 红霉素（阳性对照组）]，以确定地衣提取物对免疫反应和存活率的影响。在研究中，与对照组相比，用 12 mg 胡须地衣提取物、氟苯尼考和红霉素处理的鱼中超氧化物自由基的产生增加（P<0.05）。与对照组相比，溶菌酶活性普遍降低（P<0.05）或所有实验组均无差异（P>0.05）。所有抗生素处理组的髓过氧化物酶均显著升高。与对照组相比，实验组的肝组织学无差异。与对照组相比，所有实验组的细胞因子基因表达均升高（P<0.05），但第 10 天取样时的 IL-1β表达除外。与对照组相比，其他免疫相关基因（IL-8、TGF-β、IL-12 Beta、TNFα1、IL-10、COX-2、IL-6、TLR5、C3、IGM、MHC-II、iNOS、IgT、IFN1、IFN2、IFN reg）在所有实验组中也升高。在 4 mg 胡须地衣处理组、8 mg 胡须地衣处理组和红霉素处理组中，虹鳟的存活率分别为 73.08%、65.38%和 80.77%。我们的研究结果表明，胡须地衣甲醇提取物可作为一种有效的治疗剂，以 4 mg/17.41±0.3 g 体重/天的剂量用于虹鳟腐败希瓦氏菌感染。
