Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Ave., Charlottetown, P E I C1A 4P3, Canada.
Curr Opin Virol. 2019 Feb;34:97-103. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2018.12.008. Epub 2019 Feb 1.
Aquaculture remains the world's fastest-growing sector producing food of animal origin. Unlike in terrestrial animal agriculture, in aquaculture both farmed and wild aquatic animals in the same water column experience the same virus challenges. Additionally, the burgeoning international aquaculture expansion and expanding global trade in live aquatic animals and their products have been accompanied by long distance geographical redistribution of aquatic animal species and their viruses. The outcome is a continuous emergence of viral diseases in aquaculture, which may be driven by virus factors, animal host factors, environmental factors, and/or anthropogenic factors. Examples of emerging viruses in aquaculture include viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus, infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus, infectious salmon anaemia virus, piscine orthoreovirus, Tilapia lake virus, Covert mortality nodavirus, Shrimp hemocyte iridescent virus, and Abalone herpesvirus.
水产养殖仍然是世界上增长最快的生产动物源性食品的行业。与陆生动物农业不同，在水产养殖中，同一水柱中的养殖和野生水生动物都面临着相同的病毒挑战。此外，水产养殖的国际扩张和活水生动物及其产品的全球贸易不断扩大，伴随着水生动物物种及其病毒的远距离地理重新分布。其结果是水产养殖中不断出现病毒性疾病，这些疾病可能是由病毒因素、动物宿主因素、环境因素和/或人为因素驱动的。水产养殖中出现的新兴病毒的例子包括病毒性出血性败血症病毒、传染性造血器官坏死病毒、传染性鲑鱼贫血病毒、鱼类正呼肠孤病毒、罗非鱼湖病毒、隐性死亡率诺达病毒、虾血细胞虹彩病毒和鲍鱼疱疹病毒。
