Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands.
Health Center Medicaya, The Hague, The Netherlands.
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2019 May;139(5):434-442. doi: 10.1111/acps.13012. Epub 2019 Feb 25.
In patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD), data are lacking on characteristics and severity of hallucinations in modalities other than the auditory (verbal) type. The same applies to relationships between hallucinations and the severity of depression, anxiety, schizotypy, and loneliness.
In 60 female patients with BPD (37 also with hallucinations), this cross-sectional study explored characteristics and severity of (i) hallucinations and (ii) schizotypal features, (iii) severity of depression and anxiety, and (iv) loneliness, and the relationships between hallucinations and the other characteristics.
In patients with hallucinations, 80% experienced hallucinations in more than one modality; in the different modalities, the characteristics of the hallucinations were similar. The criteria for loneliness were fulfilled in 81% and 48% of patients with and without hallucinations. Compared to patients with BPD without hallucinations, the presence of hallucinations was associated with higher scores for depression, anxiety, loneliness, and schizotypy. Furthermore, the severity of hallucinations showed a positive correlation with the severity of loneliness and schizotypy.
Patients with BPD experienced hallucinations with characteristics similar to the more frequently studied auditory (verbal) hallucinations. Higher scores for schizotypy and loneliness indicate that patients with hallucinations had more characteristics of cluster A personality disorders.
在边缘型人格障碍（BPD）患者中，缺乏除听觉（言语）类型以外的其他模态幻觉的特征和严重程度的数据。同样适用于幻觉与抑郁、焦虑、精神分裂症倾向和孤独感严重程度之间的关系。
在 60 名患有 BPD（37 名也有幻觉）的女性患者中，这项横断面研究探讨了（i）幻觉和（ii）精神分裂症特征、（iii）抑郁和焦虑严重程度以及（iv）孤独感的特征和严重程度，以及幻觉与其他特征之间的关系。
在有幻觉的患者中，80%的患者经历过多种模态的幻觉；在不同模态中，幻觉的特征相似。有 81%和 48%的有和无幻觉的患者符合孤独感标准。与无幻觉的 BPD 患者相比，存在幻觉与抑郁、焦虑、孤独感和精神分裂症倾向评分较高有关。此外，幻觉的严重程度与孤独感和精神分裂症倾向的严重程度呈正相关。
患有 BPD 的患者经历的幻觉与更常研究的听觉（言语）幻觉具有相似的特征。较高的精神分裂症倾向和孤独感评分表明，有幻觉的患者具有更多的 A 类人格障碍特征。
