Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
J Neuroendocrinol. 2019 Jul;31(7):e12693. doi: 10.1111/jne.12693. Epub 2019 Feb 19.
Ghrelin is a hormone associated with feeding and energy balance. Not surprisingly, this hormone is secreted in response to acute stressors and it is chronically elevated after exposure to chronic stress in tandem with a number of metabolic changes aimed at attaining homeostatic balance. In the present review, we propose that ghrelin plays a key role in these stress-induced homeostatic processes. Ghrelin targets the hypothalamus and brain stem nuclei that are part of the sympathetic nervous system to increase appetite and energy expenditure and promote the use of carbohydrates as a source of fuel at the same time as sparing fat. Ghrelin also targets mesolimbic brain regions such as the ventral segmental area and the hippocampus to modulate reward processes, to protect against damage associated with chronic stress, as well as to potentially increase resilience to stress. In all, these data support the notion that ghrelin, similar to corticosterone, is a critical metabolic hormone that is essential for the stress response.
胃饥饿素是一种与进食和能量平衡相关的激素。毫不奇怪，这种激素是对急性应激源的分泌反应，并且在暴露于慢性应激后会持续升高，同时伴随着许多旨在达到体内平衡的代谢变化。在本综述中，我们提出胃饥饿素在这些应激诱导的体内平衡过程中起着关键作用。胃饥饿素作用于下丘脑和脑干核，这些核是交感神经系统的一部分，可增加食欲和能量消耗，并促进碳水化合物作为燃料来源的同时，节约脂肪。胃饥饿素还作用于中脑边缘脑区，如腹侧节段区和海马，以调节奖励过程，防止与慢性应激相关的损伤，并可能增加对压力的适应能力。总之，这些数据支持这样一种观点，即胃饥饿素与皮质酮类似，是一种关键的代谢激素，对应激反应至关重要。
