Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
Department of Food Microbiology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute 2, 80055 Portici, Italy.
Molecules. 2023 Jul 12;28(14):5357. doi: 10.3390/molecules28145357.
Being overweight or obese can predispose people to chronic diseases and metabolic disorders such as cardiovascular illnesses, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer, which are costly public health problems and leading causes of mortality worldwide. Many people hope to solve this problem by using food supplements, as they can be self-prescribed, contain molecules of natural origin considered to be incapable of causing damage to health, and the only sacrifice they require is economic. The market offers supplements containing food plant-derived molecules (e.g., primary and secondary metabolites, vitamins, and fibers), microbes (probiotics), and microbial-derived fractions (postbiotics). They can control lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, reduce appetite (interacting with the central nervous system) and adipogenesis, influence intestinal microbiota activity, and increase energy expenditure. Unfortunately, the copious choice of products and different legislation on food supplements worldwide can confuse consumers. This review summarizes the activity and toxicity of dietary supplements for weight control to clarify their potentiality and adverse reactions. A lack of research regarding commercially available supplements has been noted. Supplements containing postbiotic moieties are of particular interest. They are easier to store and transport and are safe even for people with a deficient immune system.
超重或肥胖会使人易患慢性病和代谢紊乱，如心血管疾病、糖尿病、阿尔茨海默病和癌症，这些疾病是代价高昂的公共卫生问题，也是全球死亡的主要原因。许多人希望通过使用食品补充剂来解决这个问题，因为它们可以自行开具处方，含有被认为不会对健康造成损害的天然来源的分子，而且它们唯一需要牺牲的是经济。市场上提供的补充剂含有植物源性食物分子（例如，初级和次级代谢物、维生素和纤维）、微生物（益生菌）和微生物衍生的成分（后生元）。它们可以控制脂质和碳水化合物代谢，减少食欲（与中枢神经系统相互作用）和脂肪生成，影响肠道微生物群的活性，并增加能量消耗。不幸的是，全球丰富的产品选择和不同的食品补充剂立法可能会使消费者感到困惑。本综述总结了用于控制体重的膳食补充剂的活性和毒性，以阐明其潜力和不良反应。人们注意到，关于市售补充剂的研究还不够。含有后生元成分的补充剂特别有趣。它们更易于储存和运输，即使对免疫系统功能低下的人也是安全的。
