Walker Chris
Consultant psychiatrist, retired, UK.
Hist Psychiatry. 2019 Jun;30(2):172-188. doi: 10.1177/0957154X19826473. Epub 2019 Feb 4.
Jaspers and Popper have nothing in common beyond the legacy of Immanuel Kant's philosophy. Popper dismisses Jaspers 'existentialism' as nihilistic and historicist; Jaspers never cites Popper. Jaspers describes Kant as 'the philosopher for me'; Popper is an unorthodox Kantian whose critical rationalism put the finishing touch to Kant. For Kant, knowledge is not a simple copy of reality, but begins with reason's questioning. Jaspers and Popper too insist that theory has priority over observation. For Jaspers, 'there is already theory in every fact'; for Popper, 'every statement has the character of a theory'. Science begins with metaphysical Ideas which become scientific when tested in experience. They differ in Popper's rejection of induction in favour of falsification, while Jaspers tacitly accepts induction.
除了伊曼努尔·康德哲学的遗产外，雅斯贝尔斯和波普尔毫无共同之处。波普尔驳斥雅斯贝尔斯的“存在主义”是虚无主义和历史主义的；雅斯贝尔斯从未引用过波普尔。雅斯贝尔斯将康德描述为“我的哲学家”；波普尔是一位非正统的康德主义者，其批判理性主义为康德哲学画上了句号。对康德来说，知识不是对现实的简单复制，而是始于理性的质疑。雅斯贝尔斯和波普尔也都坚持理论优先于观察。对雅斯贝尔斯来说，“每个事实中都已经存在理论”；对波普尔来说，“每个陈述都具有理论的性质”。科学始于形而上学的观念，这些观念在经验中得到检验时就会变成科学的。他们的不同之处在于，波普尔拒绝归纳法而支持证伪法，而雅斯贝尔斯则默认接受归纳法。
