Diemer Julia, Zwanzger Peter
kbo-Inn-Salzach-Klinikum, Gabersee 7, 83512, Wasserburg am Inn, Deutschland.
Department Psychologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Deutschland.
Nervenarzt. 2019 Jul;90(7):715-723. doi: 10.1007/s00115-019-0678-6.
Virtual reality (VR) has been investigated as a medium for exposure therapy of anxiety disorders for 20 years. Various meta-analyses have provided convincing evidence of the therapeutic efficacy of exposure therapy in VR.
In recent years VR technology and its applications have considerably improved. Therefore, the current state of the art of VR exposure therapy is presented.
This article provides a narrative review of current research on VR exposure therapy for anxiety disorders and major directions of development in this area.
After an almost exclusive focus on specific phobias in the early days, research on more complex anxiety disorders (particularly on social anxiety disorder) is increasing. In addition, VR has become established as an experimental method to probe psychopathological processes and to elucidate the mechanism of action of (VR) exposure therapy.
There is still a need for more research into VR exposure therapy, especially in complex anxiety disorders (e. g. panic disorder, agoraphobia and social anxiety disorder) and trauma-related disorders. Furthermore, VR has become established as a research tool. The rapid technological development gives reason to expect a continuing increase in VR research, in clinical as well as basic research.
虚拟现实（VR）作为焦虑症暴露疗法的一种媒介已被研究了20年。各种荟萃分析提供了令人信服的证据，证明VR暴露疗法具有治疗效果。
近年来，VR技术及其应用有了显著改进。因此，本文介绍了VR暴露疗法的当前技术水平。
本文对目前关于焦虑症VR暴露疗法的研究及该领域的主要发展方向进行了叙述性综述。
在早期几乎只关注特定恐惧症之后，对更复杂焦虑症（尤其是社交焦虑症）的研究正在增加。此外，VR已成为探究心理病理过程和阐明（VR）暴露疗法作用机制的一种实验方法。
仍需要对VR暴露疗法进行更多研究，尤其是在复杂焦虑症（如惊恐障碍、广场恐惧症和社交焦虑症）以及创伤相关障碍方面。此外，VR已成为一种研究工具。技术的快速发展使得有理由期待VR研究在临床和基础研究中持续增加。
