Garzón-Audor Adriana, Oliver-Espinosa Olimpo
Departamento de Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45#26-85, Edificio Uriel Gutierrez, Bogota, D. C., 111321, Colombia.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2019 Jul;51(6):1481-1487. doi: 10.1007/s11250-019-01835-z. Epub 2019 Feb 4.
Ketosis is a metabolic disorder that has an important impact on health and productivity in dairy cattle during early lactation. In Colombia, the incidence and risk factors for ketosis development have not been studied. The objectives of the present study were to determine the incidence of subclinical (SCK) and clinical ketosis (CK) and to determine the risk factors associated with ketosis within the first 6 weeks of lactation in dairy cattle in Colombia. A prospective cohort study was carried out. A convenience sample of 150 lactating dairy cows from ten commercial dairy farms in the Cundi-Boyacencian Andean plateau were tested weekly using a point of care device to measure β-hydroxybutyrate during the first 6 weeks of lactation. Incidence of SCK and CK was calculated. Risk factors were evaluated using a survey for each animal and for each farm. Potential risk factors were evaluated using a X test, Relative Risk was calculated for significant variables by the X test (P ≤ 0.05) and these variables were included in the logistic regression model. Cumulative incidence of SCK was 25.33%, 3.33% for CK, and overall incidence of ketosis was 26%. In the logistic regression model, parity 3 or more, herd size > 150 animals, body condition score ≥ 3, retained placenta, and metritis were determined as risk factors for ketosis. The results of this study confirm previous reports in which a high body condition score, increased parity, herd size, retained placenta, and metritis are associated with an increased risk of ketosis in stabled and grazing cattle.
酮病是一种代谢紊乱疾病，对奶牛泌乳早期的健康和生产性能有重要影响。在哥伦比亚，尚未对酮病发生的发病率和风险因素进行研究。本研究的目的是确定亚临床酮病（SCK）和临床酮病（CK）的发病率，并确定哥伦比亚奶牛泌乳前6周内与酮病相关的风险因素。开展了一项前瞻性队列研究。在泌乳的前6周，每周使用即时检测设备对来自昆迪-博亚卡安第斯高原10个商业奶牛场的150头泌乳奶牛的便利样本进行检测，以测量β-羟基丁酸。计算了SCK和CK的发病率。通过对每头动物和每个农场进行调查来评估风险因素。使用X检验评估潜在风险因素，通过X检验（P≤0.05）计算显著变量的相对风险，并将这些变量纳入逻辑回归模型。SCK的累积发病率为25.33%，CK为3.33%，酮病的总体发病率为26%。在逻辑回归模型中，胎次为3次或以上、牛群规模>150头、体况评分≥3、胎盘滞留和子宫炎被确定为酮病的风险因素。本研究结果证实了先前的报道，即高体况评分、胎次增加、牛群规模、胎盘滞留和子宫炎与舍饲和放牧奶牛患酮病的风险增加有关。
