Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, England.
Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England.
PLoS One. 2019 Feb 4;14(2):e0209442. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209442. eCollection 2019.
To gain a better understanding of the complex relationships of different measures of social position, educational level and income with alcohol consumption in England.
Between March 2014 and April 2018 data were collected on n = 57,807 alcohol drinkers in England taking part in the Alcohol Toolkit Study (ATS). Respondents completed the AUDIT-C measure of frequency of alcohol consumption, amount consumed on a typical day and binge drinking frequency. The first two questions were used to derive a secondary measure of quantity: average weekly unit consumption. Socio-economic factors measured were: social-grade (based on occupation), employment status, educational qualifications, home and car ownership and income. Models were constructed using ridge regression to assess the contribution of each predictor taking account of high collinearity. Models were adjusted for age, gender and ethnicity.
The strongest predictor of frequency of alcohol consumption was social-grade. Those in the two lowest occupational categories of social grade (e.g. semi-skilled and unskilled manual workers, and unemployed, pensioners, casual workers) has fewer drinking occasions than those in professional-managerial occupations (β = -0.29, 95%CI -0.34 to -0.25; β = -0.31, 95%CI -0.33 to -0.29). The strongest predictor of consumed volume and binge drinking frequency was lower educational attainment: those whose highest qualification was an A-level (i.e. college/high school qualification) drank substantially more on a typical day (β = 0.28, 95%CI 0.25 to 0.31) and had a higher weekly unit intake (β = 3.55, 95%CI 3.04 to 4.05) than those with a university qualification. They also reported a higher frequency of binge drinking (β = 0.11, 95%CI 0.09 to 0.14). Housing tenure was a strong predictor of all drinking outcomes, while employment status and car ownership were the weakest predictors of most outcomes.
Social-grade and educational attainment appear to be the strongest socioeconomic predictors of alcohol consumption indices in England, followed closely by housing tenure. Employment status and car ownership have the lowest predictive power.
更好地理解社会地位、教育水平和收入的不同衡量指标与英格兰饮酒行为之间复杂的关系。
2014 年 3 月至 2018 年 4 月，在英格兰参加酒精工具包研究（ATS）的 57807 名饮酒者中收集了数据。受访者完成了 AUDIT-C 频率测量，即饮酒频率、典型日饮酒量和狂饮频率。前两个问题用于得出第二个量的衡量标准：平均每周单位消耗量。测量的社会经济因素包括：社会等级（基于职业）、就业状况、教育程度、住房和汽车拥有情况以及收入。使用岭回归构建模型，以在考虑高度共线性的情况下评估每个预测因子的贡献。模型调整了年龄、性别和种族。
饮酒频率的最强预测因素是社会等级。社会等级最低的两个职业类别（例如半熟练和非熟练体力劳动者，以及失业者、退休人员、临时工）的饮酒次数少于专业管理职业（β=-0.29，95%CI-0.34 至-0.25；β=-0.31，95%CI-0.33 至-0.29）。消耗量和狂饮频率的最强预测因素是较低的教育程度：那些最高学历为 A 级（即学院/高中）的人在典型日饮酒量显著增加（β=0.28，95%CI0.25 至 0.31），每周单位摄入量也更高（β=3.55，95%CI3.04 至 4.05）比具有大学学历的人。他们还报告说狂饮的频率更高（β=0.11，95%CI0.09 至 0.14）。住房保有率是所有饮酒结果的强有力预测因素，而就业状况和汽车拥有率是大多数结果的最弱预测因素。
社会等级和教育程度似乎是英格兰饮酒行为的最强社会经济预测因素，其次是住房保有率。就业状况和汽车拥有率的预测能力最低。
