Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan.
Department of Neonatology, Izumiotsu Municipal Hospital, Izumiotsu, Osaka, Japan.
Ann Nutr Metab. 2019;74(2):132-139. doi: 10.1159/000496427. Epub 2019 Feb 4.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: The mode of delivery (vaginal or cesarean section) and feeding type (breastfeeding or formula feeding) of neonates are considered the most influential factors in the development of gut microbiota.
This study investigated the effect of prebiotic-rich breast milk on overcoming gut microbiota dysbiosis.
Stool samples from 36 healthy Japanese neonates were obtained at 4 days and 1 month of age, and divided into 4 groups based on mode of delivery and feeding type. The gut microbiota composition and bacterial diversity were assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing.
At 4 days old, vaginally delivered neonates had a significantly higher diversity of bacteria than those born by cesarean section. Bacteroidales and Enterobacteriales were overrepresented in vaginally delivered neonates (p = 0.0031 and p = 0.011), while Bacillales and Lactobacillales were overrepresented in caesarean section delivered neonates (p = 0.012 and p = 0.0016). However, there was little difference in bacterial diversity and bacterial relative abundance at 1 month of age between groups.
Cesarean section delivery appeared to reduce the diversity of neonate gut microbiota, resulting in dysbiosis, but this improved to the equivalent level seen in vaginally delivered infants by 1 month of age. Breastfeeding, even for short periods, may therefore improve neonate gut dysbiosis.
背景/目的：新生儿的分娩方式（阴道分娩或剖宫产）和喂养方式（母乳喂养或配方奶喂养）被认为是影响肠道微生物群发育的最主要因素。
本研究旨在探讨富含益生元的母乳对克服肠道微生物群失调的影响。
收集 36 名健康日本新生儿的粪便样本，分别于 4 天和 1 个月龄时进行检测，并根据分娩方式和喂养类型将其分为 4 组。采用 16S rRNA 测序技术评估肠道微生物群落组成和细菌多样性。
在 4 天时，阴道分娩的新生儿的细菌多样性明显高于剖宫产的新生儿。Bacteroidales 和 Enterobacteriales 在阴道分娩的新生儿中过度表达（p = 0.0031 和 p = 0.011），而 Bacillales 和 Lactobacillales 在剖宫产的新生儿中过度表达（p = 0.012 和 p = 0.0016）。然而，在 1 个月龄时，各组之间的细菌多样性和细菌相对丰度差异较小。
剖宫产分娩似乎会降低新生儿肠道微生物群的多样性，导致微生态失调，但到 1 个月龄时，这种情况会改善到与阴道分娩婴儿相当的水平。因此，即使母乳喂养时间较短，也可能改善新生儿肠道微生态失调。
