Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
Cells. 2019 Feb 1;8(2):110. doi: 10.3390/cells8020110.
The available data, including experimental studies, clearly indicate an excessive intravascular activation of circulating platelets in multiple sclerosis (MS) and their hyper-responsiveness to a variety of physiological activators. Platelet activation is manifested as an increased adhesion and aggregation and is accompanied by the formation of pro-thrombotic microparticles. Activated blood platelets also show an expression of specific membrane receptors, synthesis many of biomediators, and generation of reactive oxygen species. Epidemiological studies confirm the high risk of stroke or myocardial infarction in MS that are ischemic incidents, strictly associated with incorrect platelet functions and their over pro-thrombotic activity. Chronic inflammation and high activity of pro-oxidative processes in the course of MS are the main factors identified as the cause of excessive platelet activation. The primary biological function of platelets is to support vascular integrity, but the importance of platelets in inflammatory diseases is also well documented. The pro-thrombotic activity of platelets and their inflammatory properties play a part in the pathophysiology of MS. The analysis of platelet function capability in MS could provide useful information for studying the pathogenesis of this disease. Due to the complexity of pathological processes in MS, medication must be multifaceted and blood platelets can probably be identified as new targets for therapy in the future.
现有数据，包括实验研究，明确表明多发性硬化症 (MS) 患者循环血小板过度激活及其对多种生理激活剂的高反应性。血小板激活表现为黏附和聚集增加，并伴有促血栓形成的微粒形成。活化的血小板还表现出特定膜受体的表达、多种生物介质的合成以及活性氧的产生。流行病学研究证实 MS 患者中风或心肌梗死的风险较高，这些缺血性事件与血小板功能不正确和过度促血栓形成活性密切相关。在 MS 病程中慢性炎症和高氧化应激活性是确定血小板过度激活的主要因素。血小板的主要生物学功能是支持血管完整性，但血小板在炎症性疾病中的重要性也有充分的记录。血小板的促血栓形成活性和炎症特性在 MS 的病理生理学中起作用。分析 MS 中的血小板功能能力可以为研究该疾病的发病机制提供有用信息。由于 MS 中的病理过程复杂，药物治疗必须是多方面的，而血小板可能是未来治疗的新靶点。
