GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre In Vivo Imaging & Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liège, 4000Liège, Belgium.
Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liège, 4000Liège, Belgium.
Behav Brain Sci. 2019 Feb 5;42:e281. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X19000621.
Humans can recollect past events in details (recollection) and/or know that an object, person, or place has been encountered before (familiarity). During the last two decades, there has been intense debate about how recollection and familiarity are organized in the brain. Here, we propose an integrative memory model which describes the distributed and interactive neurocognitive architecture of representations and operations underlying recollection and familiarity. In this architecture, the subjective experience of recollection and familiarity arises from the interaction between core systems (storing particular kinds of representations shaped by specific computational mechanisms) and an attribution system. By integrating principles from current theoretical views about memory functioning, we provide a testable framework to refine the prediction of deficient versus preserved mechanisms in memory-impaired populations. The case of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered as an example because it entails progressive lesions starting with limited damage to core systems before invading step-by-step most parts of the model-related network. We suggest a chronological scheme of cognitive impairments along the course of AD, where the inaugurating deficit would relate early neurodegeneration of the perirhinal/anterolateral entorhinal cortex to impaired familiarity for items that need to be discriminated as viewpoint-invariant conjunctive entities. The integrative memory model can guide future neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies aiming to understand how such a network allows humans to remember past events, to project into the future, and possibly also to share experiences.
人类可以详细回忆过去的事件（回忆），或者知道某个物体、人或地方以前曾遇到过（熟悉感）。在过去的二十年中，人们对于回忆和熟悉感在大脑中是如何组织的存在激烈的争论。在这里，我们提出了一个综合记忆模型，该模型描述了回忆和熟悉感的代表性和操作性的分布式和交互神经认知架构。在这个架构中，回忆和熟悉感的主观体验来自于核心系统（存储由特定计算机制塑造的特定类型的代表性）和归因系统之间的相互作用。通过整合当前关于记忆功能的理论观点的原理，我们提供了一个可测试的框架来改进对记忆受损人群中缺失与保留机制的预测。阿尔茨海默病（AD）的情况被认为是一个例子，因为它涉及到从核心系统的有限损伤开始，然后逐步侵犯与模型相关的网络的大部分区域。我们提出了 AD 进程中认知障碍的时间顺序方案，其中起始缺陷将与边缘系统/前外侧内嗅皮层的早期神经退行性变相关，从而导致需要作为视角不变的联合实体进行区分的项目的熟悉感受损。综合记忆模型可以指导未来的神经心理学和神经影像学研究，旨在了解这样的网络如何使人类能够记住过去的事件、预测未来，并且可能还能够分享经验。
