School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Diabetes Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020 Nov;33(21):3559-3564. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1579189. Epub 2019 Feb 17.
It is suggested that combining a healthy diet with physical activity during and before pregnancy have a significant effect on insulin sensitivity. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between physical activity and diet before and during pregnancy with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). A case-control study was conducted on 173 women with GDM diagnosed during the pregnancy as the case group and 168 women with a negative test for GDM as controls. Weight and height were measured and BMI was calculated. Dietary intake and physical activity data during pregnancy were collected using 24-hour food recall questionnaire and international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). Body mass index and the intake of refined sugars, high fat dairy products, and fried foods were significantly higher and the intake of fruit and animal oil intake were significantly lower in the case group compared to the control group (All < .05). However, there was not any significant association between the level of physical activity, vegetable intake, and total energy intake with the risk of GDM. According to the results of this study, dietary intake before and during the pregnancy have a critical effect on the risk of GDM. Appropriate dietary planning for pregnant women can reduce the risk of GDM.
有研究表明，在妊娠期间和妊娠前将健康饮食与身体活动相结合，对胰岛素敏感性有显著影响。本研究旨在探讨妊娠前和妊娠期间的身体活动和饮食与妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）发病风险之间的关系。对 173 名在妊娠期间被诊断为 GDM 的女性（病例组）和 168 名 GDM 检测结果为阴性的女性（对照组）进行了病例对照研究。测量体重和身高，并计算 BMI。使用 24 小时食物回忆问卷和国际体力活动问卷（IPAQ）收集妊娠期间的饮食摄入和身体活动数据。与对照组相比，病例组的 BMI 以及精制糖、高脂肪乳制品和油炸食品的摄入量显著更高，水果和动物油的摄入量显著更低（均<0.05）。然而，身体活动水平、蔬菜摄入量和总能量摄入与 GDM 发病风险之间没有任何显著关联。根据本研究的结果，妊娠前和妊娠期间的饮食摄入对 GDM 的发病风险有重要影响。为孕妇进行适当的饮食规划可以降低 GDM 的发病风险。
