Spizzirri U Gianfranco, Puoci Francesco, Iemma Francesca, Restuccia Donatella
a Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences , University of Calabria , Arcavacata di Rende CS , Italy.
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2019 Mar;36(3):337-349. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2018.1563306. Epub 2019 Feb 5.
Commercial milks for infants and young children (CMIYC) received much attention during last years for their impact on the nutritional status, health and development of the new-born and babies. Among possible contaminants contained in these foods, biogenic amines (BAs) have rarely been determined although they can exert toxic effects in humans if ingested at high concentrations. Spermine, spermidine, putrescine, histamine, tyramine, β-phenylethylamine and cadaverine have been quantified in CMIYC samples by LC-UV after derivatisation with dansyl-chloride. Once optimised in terms of linearity (R ≥ 0.989), recovery percentages (92.9-97.3), LOD (0.2-0.4 μg g or 0.03-0.05 μg mL depending on the samples), LOQ (0.5-1.0 μg g and 0.08-0.13 μg mL depending on the samples) and repeatability (0.1-0.2 intra-day; 0.2-0.4 inter-day), the method has been applied to real samples. Very low total BAs concentrations have been found in reconstituted (1.18-3.12 mg L) and liquid milks (0.33-2.30 mg L), with different biogenic amine profiles and distributions. A risk assessment based on the available information regarding Acute Reference Doses of histamine and tyramine, as well as the application of common Biogenic Amine Indexes, showed that none of the analysed samples represented a possible risk for babies, also considering a worst case evaluation. These findings confirmed the strict safety and quality protocols adopted during the production of CMIYC. Chemical compounds studied in this article: Ammonium chloride (PubChem CID: 25517); Cadaverine hydrochloride (PubChem CID: 5351467); Hydrochloridric acid (PubChem CID: 313); Histamine dihydrochloride (PubChem CID: 5818); Phenylethylamine hydrochloride (PubChem CID: 9075); Putrescine dihydrochloride (PubChem CID: 9532); Sodium hydroxide (PubChem CID: 14798); Spermine tetrahydrochloride (PubChem CID: 1103); Spermidine trihydrochloride (PubChem CID: 1102); Tyramine hydrochloride (PubChem CID: 66449).
婴幼儿商业奶粉（CMIYC）近年来因其对新生儿和婴儿营养状况、健康及发育的影响而备受关注。在这些食品可能含有的污染物中，生物胺（BAs）虽在高浓度摄入时会对人体产生毒性作用，但很少被测定。用丹磺酰氯衍生后，通过LC - UV对CMIYC样品中的精胺、亚精胺、腐胺、组胺、酪胺、β - 苯乙胺和尸胺进行了定量分析。该方法在线性（R≥0.989）、回收率（92.9 - 97.3）、检测限（根据样品不同，为0.2 - 0.4 μg/g或0.03 - 0.05 μg/mL）、定量限（根据样品不同，为0.5 - 1.0 μg/g和0.08 - 0.13 μg/mL）及重复性（日内0.1 - 0.2；日间0.2 - 0.4）方面优化后，已应用于实际样品分析。在复原奶粉（1.18 - 3.12 mg/L）和液态奶（0.33 - 2.30 mg/L）中发现的总生物胺浓度极低，且生物胺谱和分布各异。基于组胺和酪胺急性参考剂量的现有信息以及常见生物胺指数的应用进行的风险评估表明，考虑到最坏情况评估，所分析的样品中没有一个对婴儿构成潜在风险。这些发现证实了CMIYC生产过程中采用的严格安全和质量协议。本文研究的化合物：氯化铵（PubChem CID：25517）；盐酸尸胺（PubChem CID：5351467）；盐酸（PubChem CID：313）；二盐酸组胺（PubChem CID：5818）；盐酸苯乙胺（PubChem CID：9075）；二盐酸腐胺（PubChem CID：9532）；氢氧化钠（PubChem CID：14798）；四盐酸精胺（PubChem CID：1103）；三盐酸亚精胺（PubChem CID：1102）；盐酸酪胺（PubChem CID：66449）。
