Hamza Dalia, Dorgham Sohad M, Elhariri Mahmoud, Elhelw Rehab, Ismael Elshaimaa
Department of Zoonoses, Cairo, Egypt.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre, 12211, Cairo, Egypt.
J Vet Res. 2018 Dec 31;62(4):457-462. doi: 10.2478/jvetres-2018-0073. eCollection 2018 Dec.
is commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract of animals and humans and continues to cause one of the most prevalent foodborne diseases in man.
A total of 355 samples were examined for the occurrence of : rectal swabs from cattle, sheep, and goats, fresh stool samples from diarrhoea sufferers having been in contact with these animals, irrigation water and soil samples from the husbandry sites, and pre-harvesting fresh produce from farms irrigated with the sampled water. All samples were collected from Cairo and Giza governorates, Egypt. PCR analysis was carried out with positive isolates using the α-toxin gene. Sequence analysis of the gene of isolates was performed using the neighbour-joining approach. Bootstrap analysis was executed with 1,000 resamplings.
174 strains were isolated with a 49.01% prevalence. The highest prevalence of in apparently healthy animals was found in sheep (65.45%) followed by goats (58%), buffaloes (55%), and cattle (47.1%). Its prevalence in humans being in contact with these animals was 47.5%. The bacterium's isolation from the soil and irrigation water was achieved in 40% and 31.7% of samples, respectively, posing a risk, particularly when the water and soil contact food in the field, shown by the fresh produce isolation of 40%. A significant relationship between the prevalence of in animal and environmental samples was identified (P < 0.05). A significant relationship was identified neither between animal species and prevalence, nor between the environmental source and prevalence (P > 0.05). All isolates were positive for the α-toxin gene by PCR. The sequence analysis and the phylogenetic relationship of the α-toxin genes from different samples revealed that from faeces of apparently healthy cattle, buffaloes, sheep, and goats is a significant threat in places where it can contaminate the soil and water. In addition, the sequence of from humans suffering from diarrhoea was found in the same cluster with the sequence from cows, goats, and sheep.
The role of apparently healthy animals in transmitting to humans, either through being in direct or indirect contact water or soil in the cultivation of vegetables and fruits, was demonstrated.
常见于动物和人类的胃肠道，仍然是人类中最普遍的食源性疾病之一。
共检测了355份样本以确定其存在情况：牛、羊和山羊的直肠拭子，与这些动物接触过的腹泻患者的新鲜粪便样本，养殖场的灌溉水和土壤样本，以及用采样水灌溉的农场收获前的新鲜农产品。所有样本均采自埃及开罗和吉萨省。对阳性分离株进行α毒素基因的PCR分析。使用邻接法对分离株的基因进行序列分析。通过1000次重采样进行自展分析。
分离出174株菌株，患病率为49.01%。在看似健康的动物中，患病率最高的是绵羊（65.45%），其次是山羊（58%）、水牛（55%）和牛（47.1%）。在与这些动物接触的人类中的患病率为47.5%。分别在40%的土壤样本和31.7%的灌溉水样本中分离出该细菌，这构成了一种风险，特别是当水和土壤在田间接触食物时，新鲜农产品的分离率为40%就表明了这一点。确定了动物和环境样本中该菌患病率之间存在显著关系（P < 0.05）。在动物种类与该菌患病率之间以及环境来源与该菌患病率之间均未发现显著关系（P > 0.05）。通过PCR，所有分离株的α毒素基因均呈阳性。来自不同样本的α毒素基因的序列分析和系统发育关系表明，看似健康的牛、水牛、绵羊和山羊粪便中的该菌在可能污染土壤和水的地方是一个重大威胁。此外，腹泻患者中的该菌序列与牛、山羊和绵羊的序列处于同一聚类中。
证明了看似健康的动物在通过直接或间接接触蔬菜和水果种植中的水或土壤将该菌传播给人类方面所起的作用。
