Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
Department of Animal Science, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Manitoba, Canada.
Biomed Environ Sci. 2017 Dec;30(12):887-897. doi: 10.3967/bes2017.119.
To examine the association of maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in northern China.
The dietary intakes of pregnant women were recorded twice by 24-hour dietary recalls for three days prior to having been diagnosed with GDM, at 5-15 and 24-28 gestational weeks, respectively. GDM was diagnosed, and serum glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured at 24-28 weeks. Dietary patterns were assessed by factor analysis. The association of the dietary pattern with GDM and HbA1c was examined by multiple logistic models.
Of 753 participants, 64 (8.5%) were diagnosed with GDM. Four dietary patterns were identified: Western pattern (dairy, baked/fried food and white meat), traditional pattern (light-colored vegetables, fine grain, red meat and tubers), mixed pattern (edible fungi, shrimp/shellfish and red meat) and prudent pattern (dark-colored vegetables and deep-sea fish). Compared with the prudent pattern, both the Western pattern and the traditional pattern were associated with an increased risk of GDM (aOR = 4.40, 95% CI: 1.58-12.22; aOR = 4.88, 95% CI: 1.79-13.32) and a high level of HbA1c (aOR = 12.37, 95% CI: 1.47-103.91; aOR = 26.23, 95% CI: 2.54-270.74). Compared to the lowest quartile (Q), Q3 of the Western pattern scores and Q3-Q4 of the traditional pattern scores were associated with a higher risk of GDM.
The consumption of the Western pattern or the traditional pattern during pregnancy may increase the risk of GDM.
探讨中国北方孕妇孕期饮食模式与妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）的关系。
采用 24 小时膳食回顾法，在 GDM 确诊前（妊娠 5-15 周和 24-28 周）各随访 3 天，记录孕妇的饮食摄入量。GDM 诊断采用 24-28 周时的血清糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）测量。采用因子分析评估饮食模式。采用多因素 logistic 模型探讨饮食模式与 GDM 和 HbA1c 的关系。
在 753 名参与者中，有 64 名（8.5%）被诊断为 GDM。共确定了 4 种饮食模式：西方模式（奶制品、烘焙/油炸食品和白肉）、传统模式（浅色蔬菜、细粮、红肉和块茎类蔬菜）、混合模式（食用菌、虾/贝类和红肉）和谨慎模式（深色蔬菜和深海鱼类）。与谨慎模式相比，西方模式和传统模式均与 GDM 风险增加相关（OR = 4.40，95%CI：1.58-12.22；OR = 4.88，95%CI：1.79-13.32）和 HbA1c 水平升高（OR = 12.37，95%CI：1.47-103.91；OR = 26.23，95%CI：2.54-270.74）。与最低四分位数（Q）相比，西方模式得分 Q3 和传统模式得分 Q3-Q4 与 GDM 风险升高相关。
孕期摄入西方模式或传统模式可能会增加 GDM 的发生风险。
