Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
Nutr Diet. 2020 Jul;77(3):351-358. doi: 10.1111/1747-0080.12515. Epub 2019 Feb 6.
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a complex of symptoms that can seriously affect the quality of life in women. It has been suggested that the nutritional status of adult women may influence the presence and/or severity of PMS symptoms. However, little is known about this association in adolescents. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between diet quality and the presence/severity of PMS symptoms in adolescents.
A case-control study of 272 female students, aged 13-18 years, was conducted in a high school. PMS was diagnosed and the symptoms were recorded using Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS)-2006 in 2 consecutive months. Dietary intake was assessed with 24-hour-dietary intake recall method and Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010) score was calculated as an indicator of diet quality. Anthropometric measurements, including body weight, height, waist circumference and hip circumference were taken.
PMS was diagnosed in 56.9% of the study sample. The mean HEI-2010 score was significantly lower in the PMS group (47.5 ± 23.95) when compared to the control group (53.5 ± 20.98), P = 0.034. The PMS symptoms, anxiety (P = 0.009), depressive feelings (P = 0.016) and changes in sleeping pattern (P = 0.000) were associated with lower diet quality scores in the PMS group. No significant difference in anthropometric measurements was observed between the groups.
The present study suggested that adolescents with a high-quality diet might experience depressive feelings, anxiety or changes in sleeping less when compared to those with a low quality diet. Therefore, the causal relationship between diet quality and presence/severity of PMS should be investigated in further studies.
经前期综合征（PMS）是一组可能严重影响女性生活质量的症状。有研究表明，成年女性的营养状况可能会影响 PMS 症状的出现和/或严重程度。然而，目前对于青少年人群，我们对此知之甚少。本研究旨在探讨青少年饮食质量与 PMS 症状出现/严重程度之间的关系。
对一所高中的 272 名 13-18 岁的女性学生进行了病例对照研究。在连续两个月内使用经前期综合征量表（PMSS-2006）诊断 PMS，并记录症状。通过 24 小时膳食摄入回忆法评估饮食摄入情况，并计算健康饮食指数-2010（HEI-2010）评分作为饮食质量的指标。测量了包括体重、身高、腰围和臀围在内的人体测量指标。
研究样本中有 56.9%的学生被诊断为 PMS。与对照组（53.5±20.98）相比，PMS 组的平均 HEI-2010 评分（47.5±23.95）显著较低，P=0.034。与对照组相比，PMS 组的 PMS 症状、焦虑（P=0.009）、抑郁情绪（P=0.016）和睡眠模式改变（P=0.000）与较低的饮食质量评分相关。两组间的人体测量指标无显著差异。
本研究表明，与低质量饮食的青少年相比，高质量饮食的青少年可能经历较少的抑郁情绪、焦虑或睡眠变化。因此，应该在进一步的研究中调查饮食质量与 PMS 症状出现/严重程度之间的因果关系。
