Federal Office for the Environment, Bern, Switzerland.
Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
Environ Int. 2019 Apr;125:277-290. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.043. Epub 2019 Feb 5.
The aim of the present study is to establish exposure-response relationships reflecting the percentage highly annoyed (%HA) as functions of road traffic, railway, and aircraft noise exposure, measured as day-evening-night level (Lden), as well as to elucidate the degree to which the acoustic indicator Intermittency Ratio (IR), which reflects the "eventfulness" of a noise situation, predicts noise annoyance. We conducted a mixed-mode representative population survey in a stratified random sample of 5592 residents exposed to transportation noise all over Switzerland. Source-specific noise exposure was calculated for each floor and each façade based on comprehensive traffic data. Noise annoyance was measured using the ICBEN 11-point scale. The survey was carried out in 4 waves at different times of the year. We hypothesized that in addition to Lden, the effects of noise on annoyance can be better explained when also considering the intensity of short-term variations of noise level over time. We therefore incorporated the acoustic indicator IR in the statistical models. For all noise sources, results revealed significant associations between Lden and %HA after controlling for confounders and independent predictors such as IR (measured over 24 h), exposure to other transportation noise sources, sex and age, language, home ownership, education level, living duration, temperature, and access to a quiet side of the dwelling. Aircraft noise annoyance scored markedly higher than annoyance to railway and road traffic noise at the same Lden level. Railway noise elicited higher percentages of highly annoyed persons than road traffic noise. Results furthermore suggest that for road traffic noise, IR has an additional effect on %HA and can explain shifts of the exposure-response curve of up to about 6 dB between low IR and high IR exposure situations, possibly due to the effect of different durations of noise-free intervals between events. For railway and aircraft noise annoyance, the predictive value of IR was limited.
本研究的目的是建立反映道路交通、铁路和飞机噪声暴露的高度烦恼（%HA）百分比与暴露量（Lden）之间的暴露-反应关系，以及阐明反映噪声情况“事件性”的声学指标间歇性比率（IR）在多大程度上可以预测噪声烦恼。我们在瑞士各地暴露于交通噪声的 5592 名居民的分层随机样本中进行了混合模式代表性人群调查。根据综合交通数据，为每个楼层和每个立面计算了特定声源的噪声暴露。使用 ICBEN 11 点量表测量噪声烦恼。调查在一年中的不同时间进行了 4 波。我们假设，除了 Lden 之外，当同时考虑噪声水平随时间的短期变化的强度时，噪声对烦恼的影响可以得到更好的解释。因此，我们在统计模型中纳入了声学指标 IR。对于所有噪声源，在控制混杂因素和独立预测因素（如 24 小时内测量的 IR、暴露于其他交通噪声源、性别和年龄、语言、住房所有权、教育水平、居住时间、温度和获得安静一侧的住房）后，结果显示 Lden 与 %HA 之间存在显著关联。在相同的 Lden 水平下，飞机噪声烦恼明显高于铁路和道路交通噪声的烦恼。铁路噪声引起的高度烦恼的人比道路交通噪声多。结果还表明，对于道路交通噪声，IR 对%HA 有额外的影响，并且可以解释在低 IR 和高 IR 暴露情况下暴露-反应曲线之间约 6dB 的偏移，这可能是由于事件之间无噪声间隔的持续时间不同的影响。对于铁路和飞机噪声烦恼，IR 的预测价值有限。
