Immunobiology Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 3, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
Public Health Nutr. 2020 May;23(7):1273-1277. doi: 10.1017/S1368980018003932. Epub 2019 Feb 8.
Maternal vitamin D level in pregnancy may have implications for both the mother and fetus. Deficiency of vitamin D has been linked to several pregnancy complications and fetal skeletal health. Smoking has been associated with reduced serum level of the vitamin D metabolite, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D).
A nested case-control study within the Finnish Maternity Cohort, a population-based cohort which includes first-trimester sera from 98 % of pregnancies in Finland since 1987. The selection consisted of women with uncomplicated pregnancies. We studied serum concentration of 25(OH)D in 313 non-smoking and forty-six self-reported smoking pregnant women.
We hypothesize that pregnant smokers may have an increased risk of low 25(OH)D levels especially during winter months.
A control group from an unpublished pregnancy complication study consisting of 359 uncomplicated pregnancies. Individuals who reported that they do not smoke were considered 'non-smokers' (n 313) and those who reported continued smoking after the first trimester of pregnancy were considered 'smokers' (n 46).
Smokers had significantly lower levels of 25(OH)D irrespective of sampling time (P<0·0001). Furthermore, during the low sun-exposure season, only 14 % of smokers met the guideline level of 40 nmol/l for serum 25(OH)D in comparison with 31 % of non-smokers.
Expectant mothers who smoke have an increased risk of vitamin D deficiency during low sun-exposure months in northern regions. Further studies are needed to assess the associated risks for maternal and fetal health as well as possible long-term implications for the infant.
孕妇的维生素 D 水平可能对母婴双方都有影响。维生素 D 缺乏与多种妊娠并发症和胎儿骨骼健康有关。吸烟与维生素 D 代谢物 25-羟维生素 D（25(OH)D）血清水平降低有关。
在芬兰母婴队列中进行了一项嵌套病例对照研究，该队列是一个基于人群的队列，包含自 1987 年以来芬兰 98%的妊娠早期血清。选择的是妊娠过程无并发症的女性。我们研究了 313 名不吸烟和 46 名自述吸烟的孕妇的 25(OH)D 血清浓度。
我们假设孕妇吸烟者可能有更高的低 25(OH)D 水平风险，尤其是在冬季。
来自一项未发表的妊娠并发症研究的对照组，由 359 例无并发症妊娠组成。报告不吸烟的个体被视为“非吸烟者”（n=313），报告妊娠早期后继续吸烟的个体被视为“吸烟者”（n=46）。
无论采样时间如何，吸烟者的 25(OH)D 水平明显较低（P<0.0001）。此外，在低阳光照射季节，只有 14%的吸烟者达到血清 25(OH)D 40 nmol/l 的指南水平，而不吸烟者为 31%。
在北方地区阳光照射较少的月份，吸烟的孕妇有发生维生素 D 缺乏的风险增加。需要进一步研究以评估与母婴健康相关的风险以及对婴儿可能产生的长期影响。
