Farha Arakkaveettil Kabeer, Tr Thasneem, Purushothaman Aswathy, Salam Jaseetha Abdul, Hatha Abdulla Mohamed
Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala 682016, India.
M. A College, Kothamangalam, Kerala, India.
J Genet Eng Biotechnol. 2018 Dec;16(2):253-258. doi: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2018.06.002. Epub 2018 Jun 29.
Marine environments are substantially untapped source for the isolation of bacteria with the capacity to produce various extracellular hydrolytic enzymes, which have important ecological roles and promising biotechnological applications. Hydrolases constitute a class of enzymes widely distributed in nature from bacteria to higher eukaryotes. Marine microbial communities are highly diverse and have evolved during extended evolutionary processes of physiological adaptations under the influence of a variety of ecological conditions and selection pressures. A number of marine hydrolases have been described, including amylases, lipases and proteases, which are being used extensively for biotechnological applications. The present study was carried out to isolate marine bacteria from continental slope sediments of the eastern Arabian Sea and explore their biotechnological potential. Among the 119 isolates screened, producers of amylases (15%), caseinases (40%), cellulases (40%), gelatinases (60%), lipases (26%), ligninases (33%), phytase (11%) and Malachite Green dye degraders (16%) were detected. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that predominant marine sediment bacteria possessing more than four enzymatic activities belonged to the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, was assigned to the genera and Biodegradation of the dye Malachite Green using the liquid decolorization assay showed that both the individual cultures () and their consortium were able to decolorize more than 70% of dye within 24 h of incubation. This is the first report on diversity and extracellular hydrolytic enzymatic activities and bioremediation properties of bacteria from continental slope sediment of eastern Arabian Sea.
海洋环境在很大程度上是尚未开发的细菌来源，从中可分离出能产生各种细胞外水解酶的细菌，这些水解酶具有重要的生态作用和广阔的生物技术应用前景。水解酶是一类广泛存在于自然界从细菌到高等真核生物中的酶。海洋微生物群落高度多样，并且在各种生态条件和选择压力的影响下，经过长期的生理适应进化过程而形成。已经描述了许多海洋水解酶，包括淀粉酶、脂肪酶和蛋白酶，它们正被广泛用于生物技术应用。本研究旨在从阿拉伯海东部大陆坡沉积物中分离海洋细菌，并探索其生物技术潜力。在筛选的119株分离物中，检测到了淀粉酶产生菌（15%）、酪蛋白酶产生菌（40%）、纤维素酶产生菌（40%）、明胶酶产生菌（60%）、脂肪酶产生菌（26%）、木质素酶产生菌（33%）、植酸酶产生菌（11%）和孔雀石绿染料降解菌（16%）。基于16S rRNA基因测序的系统发育分析表明，具有四种以上酶活性的主要海洋沉积物细菌属于厚壁菌门和变形菌门，分别归属于 属和 属。使用液体脱色试验对孔雀石绿染料进行生物降解表明，单个培养物（ ）及其混合培养物在培养24小时内均能够使70%以上的染料脱色。这是关于阿拉伯海东部大陆坡沉积物细菌的多样性、细胞外水解酶活性和生物修复特性的首次报道。
