Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, M13 9PT, Manchester, UK.
Centre for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
J Physiol. 2020 May;598(9):1655-1670. doi: 10.1113/JP277478. Epub 2019 Feb 28.
Astrocytes are homeostatic and protective cells of the central nervous system. Astroglial homeostatic responses are tightly coordinated with neuronal activity. Astrocytes maintain neuronal excitability through regulation of extracellular ion concentrations, as well as assisting and modulating synaptic transmission by uptake and catabolism of major neurotransmitters. Moreover, they support neuronal metabolism and detoxify ammonium and reactive oxygen species. Astroglial homeostatic actions are initiated and controlled by intercellular signalling of ions, including Ca , Na , Cl , H and possibly K . This review summarises current knowledge on ionic signals mediated by the major monovalent ions, which occur in microdomains, as global events, or as propagating intercellular waves and thereby represent the substrate for astroglial excitability.
星形胶质细胞是中枢神经系统的内稳态和保护细胞。星形胶质细胞的内稳态反应与神经元活动紧密协调。星形胶质细胞通过调节细胞外离子浓度来维持神经元兴奋性，同时通过摄取和分解主要神经递质来协助和调节突触传递。此外，它们还支持神经元代谢并解毒铵和活性氧。星形胶质细胞的内稳态作用是由离子的细胞间信号启动和控制的，包括 Ca 、Na 、Cl 、H ，可能还有 K 。本综述总结了目前关于主要单价离子介导的离子信号的知识，这些信号以微区域中的全局事件或传播性细胞间波的形式出现，因此是星形胶质细胞兴奋性的基础。
