Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2019 Jul;411(19):4293-4302. doi: 10.1007/s00216-019-01622-7. Epub 2019 Feb 8.
The emerging field of RNA nanotechnology harnesses the versatility of RNA molecules to generate nature-inspired systems with programmable structure and functionality. Such methodology has therefore gained appeal in the fields of biosensing and diagnostics, where specific molecular recognition and advanced input/output processing are demanded. The use of RNA modules and components allows for achieving diversity in structure and function, for processing information with molecular precision, and for programming dynamic operations on the grounds of predictable non-covalent interactions. When RNA nanotechnology meets bioanalytical chemistry, sensing of target molecules can be performed by harnessing programmable interactions of RNA modules, advanced field-ready biosensors can be manufactured by interfacing RNA-based devices with supporting portable platforms, and RNA sensors can be engineered to be genetically encoded allowing for real-time imaging of biomolecules in living cells. In this article, we report recent advances in RNA-based sensing technologies and discuss current trends in RNA nanotechnology-enabled biomedical diagnostics. In particular, we describe programmable sensors that leverage modular designs comprising dynamic aptamer-based units, synthetic RNA nanodevices able to perform target-responsive regulation of gene expression, and paper-based sensors incorporating artificial RNA networks. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
新兴的 RNA 纳米技术领域利用 RNA 分子的多功能性来生成受自然启发的系统，这些系统具有可编程的结构和功能。因此，这种方法在生物传感和诊断领域引起了关注，在这些领域需要特定的分子识别和先进的输入/输出处理。使用 RNA 模块和组件可以实现结构和功能的多样性，以分子精度处理信息，并基于可预测的非共价相互作用进行动态操作的编程。当 RNA 纳米技术与生物分析化学相遇时，可以通过利用 RNA 模块的可编程相互作用来进行靶分子的传感，可以通过将基于 RNA 的设备与支持的便携式平台相连接来制造先进的现场就绪型生物传感器，并且可以设计 RNA 传感器使其能够进行基因编码，从而允许实时对活细胞中的生物分子进行成像。在本文中，我们报告了基于 RNA 的传感技术的最新进展，并讨论了 RNA 纳米技术在生物医学诊断中的当前趋势。特别是，我们描述了可编程传感器，这些传感器利用包含基于动态适体的单元的模块化设计、能够对靶标响应进行基因表达调控的合成 RNA 纳米器件以及包含人工 RNA 网络的基于纸张的传感器。图摘要。
