Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario , Canada.
Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok , Bialystok , Poland.
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2019 Apr 1;316(4):H873-H881. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00677.2018. Epub 2019 Feb 8.
Supplementation with monounsaturated or ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ( n-3 PUFA) can lower resting blood pressure (BP) and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. The independent contributions of the n-3 PUFAs eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on BP, and the mechanisms responsible, are unclear. We tested whether EPA, DHA, and olive oil (OO), a source of monounsaturated fat, differentially affect resting hemodynamics and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA). Eighty-six healthy young men and women were recruited to participate in a 12-wk, randomized, double-blind trial examining the effects of orally supplementing ~3 g/day of EPA ( n = 28), DHA ( n = 28), or OO ( n = 30) on resting hemodynamics; MSNA was examined in a subset of participants ( n = 31). Both EPA and DHA supplements increased the ω-3 index ( P < 0.01). Reductions in systolic BP were greater [adjusted intergroup mean difference (95% confidence interval)] after DHA [-3.4 mmHg (-0.9, -5.9), P = 0.008] and OO [-3.0 mmHg (-0.5, -5.4), P = 0.01] compared with EPA, with no difference between DHA and OO ( P = 0.74). Reductions in diastolic BP were greater following DHA [-3.4 mmHg (-1.3,-5.6), P = 0.002] and OO [-2.2 mmHg (0.08,-4.3), P = 0.04] compared with EPA. EPA increased heart rate compared with DHA [4.2 beats/min (-0.009, 8.4), P = 0.05] and OO [4.2 beats/min, (0.08, 8.3), P = 0.04]. MSNA burst frequency was higher after DHA [4 bursts/min (0.5, 8.3), P = 0.02] but not OO [-3 bursts/min (-6, 0.6), P = 0.2] compared with EPA. Overall, DHA and OO evoked similar responses in resting BP; however, DHA, but not OO, increased peripheral vasoconstrictor outflow. These findings may have implications for fatty acid supplementation in clinical populations characterized by chronic high BP and sympathetic overactivation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We studied the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and olive oil supplementation on blood pressure (BP) and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA). After 12 wk of 3 g/day supplementation, DHA and olive oil were associated with lower resting systolic and diastolic BPs than EPA. However, DHA increased MSNA compared with EPA. The reductions in BP with DHA likely occur via a vascular mechanism and evoke a baroreflex-mediated increase in sympathetic activity.
补充单不饱和或 ω-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（n-3PUFA）可以降低静息血压（BP）并降低心血管事件的风险。n-3PUFA 二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）对 BP 的独立贡献以及负责的机制尚不清楚。我们测试了 EPA、DHA 和橄榄油（OO），一种单不饱和脂肪的来源，是否会对静息血液动力学和肌肉交感神经活动（MSNA）产生不同的影响。
招募了 86 名健康的年轻男性和女性参加一项为期 12 周的随机、双盲试验，以研究每天口服补充约 3 克 EPA（n=28）、DHA（n=28）或 OO（n=30）对静息血液动力学的影响；一部分参与者（n=31）检查了 MSNA。
两种 EPA 和 DHA 补充剂都增加了 ω-3 指数（P<0.01）。与 EPA 相比，DHA [-3.4mmHg（-0.9，-5.9），P=0.008]和 OO [-3.0mmHg（-0.5，-5.4），P=0.01]的收缩压降低更大，DHA 和 OO 之间没有差异（P=0.74）。与 EPA 相比，DHA [-3.4mmHg（-1.3，-5.6），P=0.002]和 OO [-2.2mmHg（0.08，-4.3），P=0.04]的舒张压降低更大。与 DHA [4.2 次/分钟（-0.009，8.4），P=0.05]和 OO [4.2 次/分钟（0.08，8.3），P=0.04]相比，EPA 增加了心率。与 EPA 相比，DHA [4 次/分钟（0.5，8.3），P=0.02]但 OO [-3 次/分钟（-6，0.6），P=0.2]的 MSNA 爆发频率更高。
总的来说，DHA 和 OO 在静息 BP 中引起相似的反应；然而，只有 DHA，而不是 OO，增加了外周血管收缩剂的流出。这些发现可能对以慢性高血压和交感神经过度激活为特征的临床人群中的脂肪酸补充具有重要意义。
新的和值得注意的是，我们研究了二十碳五烯酸（EPA）、二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）和橄榄油补充对血压（BP）和肌肉交感神经活动（MSNA）的影响。每天补充 3 克 12 周后，与 EPA 相比，DHA 和橄榄油与较低的静息收缩压和舒张压相关。然而，与 EPA 相比，DHA 增加了 MSNA。DHA 降低 BP 可能是通过血管机制发生的，并引起压力反射介导的交感神经活动增加。
