Bulgari Daniela, Montagna Matteo, Gobbi Emanuela, Faoro Franco
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Italy, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Piattaforma di Microbiologia Agroalimentare ed Ambientale (Pi.Mi.A.A.), AgroFood Lab, Department ofMolecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia; 25121 Brescia, Italy.
Microorganisms. 2019 Feb 6;7(2):44. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms7020044.
The recent and massive revival of green strategies to control plant diseases, mainly as a consequence of the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) rules issued in 2009 by the European Community and the increased consumer awareness of organic products, poses new challenges for human health and food security that need to be addressed in the near future. One of the most important green technologies is biocontrol. This approach is based on living organisms and how these biocontrol agents (BCAs) directly or indirectly interact as a community to control plant pathogens and pest. Although most BCAs have been isolated from plant microbiomes, they share some genomic features, virulence factors, and trans-kingdom infection abilities with human pathogenic microorganisms, thus, their potential impact on human health should be addressed. This evidence, in combination with the outbreaks of human infections associated with consumption of raw fruits and vegetables, opens new questions regarding the role of plants in the human pathogen infection cycle. Moreover, whether BCAs could alter the endophytic bacterial community, thereby leading to the development of new potential human pathogens, is still unclear. In this review, all these issues are debated, highlighting that the research on BCAs and their formulation should include these possible long-lasting consequences of their massive spread in the environment.
近期，绿色防控策略大量复兴以控制植物病害，这主要是由于欧盟委员会2009年发布的病虫害综合防治（IPM）规则以及消费者对有机产品的认知度提高，这给人类健康和食品安全带来了新挑战，需要在不久的将来加以应对。最重要的绿色技术之一是生物防治。这种方法基于生物体以及这些生物防治剂（BCAs）如何作为一个群落直接或间接相互作用来控制植物病原体和害虫。尽管大多数生物防治剂已从植物微生物群落中分离出来，但它们与人类致病微生物具有一些基因组特征、毒力因子和跨界感染能力，因此，应关注它们对人类健康的潜在影响。这一证据，再加上与食用生水果和蔬菜相关的人类感染疫情爆发，引发了关于植物在人类病原体感染循环中作用的新问题。此外，生物防治剂是否会改变内生细菌群落，从而导致新的潜在人类病原体的出现，仍不清楚。在本综述中，对所有这些问题进行了讨论，强调对生物防治剂及其制剂的研究应考虑到它们在环境中大量传播可能产生的这些长期后果。
