IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
Biomolecules. 2019 Feb 7;9(2):55. doi: 10.3390/biom9020055.
Mitosis requires extensive rearrangement of cellular architecture and of subcellular structures so that replicated chromosomes can bind correctly to spindle microtubules and segregate towards opposite poles. This process originates two new daughter nuclei with equal genetic content and relies on highly-dynamic and tightly regulated phosphorylation of numerous cell cycle proteins. A burst in protein phosphorylation orchestrated by several conserved kinases occurs as cells go into and progress through mitosis. The opposing dephosphorylation events are catalyzed by a small set of protein phosphatases, whose importance for the accuracy of mitosis is becoming increasingly appreciated. This review will focus on the established and emerging roles of mitotic phosphatases, describe their structural and biochemical properties, and discuss recent advances in understanding the regulation of phosphatase activity and function.
有丝分裂需要对细胞结构和亚细胞结构进行广泛的重新排列，以便复制的染色体能够正确地与纺锤体微管结合，并向相反的两极分离。这个过程产生两个具有相同遗传物质的新子核，依赖于许多细胞周期蛋白的高度动态和严格调控的磷酸化。当细胞进入有丝分裂并向前推进时，由几种保守激酶协调的蛋白质磷酸化爆发发生。相反的去磷酸化事件由一小部分蛋白磷酸酶催化，其对有丝分裂准确性的重要性正日益受到重视。这篇综述将集中于有丝分裂磷酸酶的已确立和新兴作用，描述它们的结构和生化特性，并讨论在理解磷酸酶活性和功能的调控方面的最新进展。
