Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Radiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Jena, Jena, Germany.
Sci Rep. 2019 Feb 8;9(1):1671. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-38239-2.
There is still disagreement among studies with respect to the magnitude, location, and direction of sex differences of local gray matter volume (GMV) in the human brain. Here, we applied a state-of-the-art technique examining GMV in a well-powered sample (n = 2,838) validating effects in two independent general-population cohorts, age range 21-90 years, measured using the same MRI scanner. More GMV in women than in men was prominent in medial and lateral prefrontal areas, the superior temporal sulcus, the posterior insula, and orbitofrontal cortex. In contrast, more GMV in men than in women was detected in subcortical temporal structures, such as the amygdala, hippocampus, temporal pole, fusiform gyrus, visual primary cortex, and motor areas (premotor cortex, putamen, anterior cerebellum). The findings in this large-scale study may clarify previous inconsistencies and contribute to the understanding of sex-specific differences in cognition and behavior.
目前，关于人类大脑局部灰质体积（GMV）的性别差异的程度、位置和方向，各研究之间仍存在分歧。在这里，我们应用了一种最先进的技术，在一个具有足够效力的样本（n=2838）中检查了 GMV，并在两个独立的普通人群队列中进行了验证，年龄范围为 21-90 岁，使用相同的 MRI 扫描仪进行测量。女性的 GMV 比男性多，主要集中在前额内侧和外侧区域、颞上沟、后岛叶和眶额皮质。相比之下，在皮质下颞叶结构中，如杏仁核、海马体、颞极、梭状回、视觉初级皮层和运动区（运动前皮质、壳核、小脑前叶），男性的 GMV 比女性多。这项大规模研究的结果可能会澄清先前的不一致之处，并有助于理解认知和行为的性别特异性差异。
