Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.
Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.
Front Immunol. 2019 Jan 25;10:36. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00036. eCollection 2019.
Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) form the structure of the lymphatic vessels and the sinuses of the lymph nodes, positioning them to be key players in many different aspects of the immune response. Following an inflammatory stimulus, LECs produce chemokines that recruit immune cells to the lymph nodes. The recruitment of immune cells aids in the coordination of both LEC and lymph node expansion and contraction. More recent data has demonstrated that to coordinate LEC division and death, cell surface molecules, such as PD-L1 and interferon receptors, are required. During homeostasis, LECs use PD-L1 to maintain peripheral tolerance by presenting specific peripheral tissue antigens in order to eliminate tissue specific responses. LECs also have the capacity to acquire, present, and exchange foreign antigens following viral infection or immunization. Here we will review how lymph node LECs require immune cells to expand and contract in response to an immune stimulus, the factors involved and how direct LEC-immune cell interactions are important for programming immunity.
淋巴管内皮细胞（LEC）形成淋巴管的结构和淋巴结的窦，使它们成为免疫反应许多不同方面的关键参与者。在炎症刺激后，LEC 会产生趋化因子，招募免疫细胞进入淋巴结。免疫细胞的募集有助于协调 LEC 的分裂和死亡，以及 LEC 和淋巴结的扩张和收缩。最近的数据表明，为了协调 LEC 的分裂和死亡，细胞表面分子，如 PD-L1 和干扰素受体，是必需的。在稳态下，LEC 通过呈现特定的外周组织抗原来利用 PD-L1 维持外周耐受，以消除组织特异性反应。LEC 还具有在病毒感染或免疫接种后获取、呈现和交换外来抗原的能力。在这里，我们将回顾淋巴结 LEC 如何需要免疫细胞来响应免疫刺激而扩张和收缩，涉及的因素，以及 LEC-免疫细胞相互作用如何对编程免疫很重要。
