La Notte Alessandra, Vallecillo Sara, Marques Alexandra, Maes Joachim
European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate for Sustainable Resources, Land Resources Unit, Via E. Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy.
Ecosyst Serv. 2019 Feb;35:116-129. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2018.12.007.
Ecosystem services (ES) accounts are essential to quantify and monitor the contribution of ecosystems to human well-being. The System of Environmental and Economic Accounting - Experimental Ecosystem Accounting (SEEA EEA) is the first attempt to provide a set of standards to compile ecosystem accounts. We argue for the inclusion of an ecological perspective in the SEEA EEA that considers ecosystems to be more than input providers to the economy. Ecosystems can act as accounting units capable of producing, consuming and recording changes in regeneration and absorption rates. To account for that we propose (i) to identify ES typologies according to the way in which energy, biomass and information is released to generate services; (ii) to use these typologies to define the concepts of ES potential, ES potential flows, ES demand and ES actual flows; and (iii) to build the ES capacity accounts in monetary terms based on these concepts. These arguments are illustrated with case studies for water purification and crop pollination accounts in European countries. Extending the production boundary would allow the measurement of the sustainable use of ES and the establishment of causality between the use of ES and the value accrued by the economic actors and households.
生态系统服务（ES）账户对于量化和监测生态系统对人类福祉的贡献至关重要。环境与经济核算体系——实验性生态系统核算（SEEA EEA）是首次尝试提供一套编制生态系统账户的标准。我们主张在SEEA EEA中纳入一种生态视角，该视角认为生态系统不仅仅是经济的投入提供者。生态系统可以作为能够产生、消耗和记录再生与吸收率变化的核算单位。为了对此进行核算，我们建议：（i）根据能量、生物量和信息释放以产生服务的方式来确定ES类型；（ii）使用这些类型来定义ES潜力、ES潜力流、ES需求和ES实际流的概念；（iii）基于这些概念以货币形式构建ES能力账户。欧洲国家的水净化和作物授粉账户案例研究说明了这些观点。扩展生产边界将能够衡量ES的可持续利用，并确定ES的使用与经济行为体和家庭所获得的价值之间的因果关系。
