Sadlova Jovana, Vojtkova Barbora, Hrncirova Katerina, Lestinova Tereza, Spitzova Tatiana, Becvar Tomas, Votypka Jan, Bates Paul, Volf Petr
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom.
Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl. 2019 Jan 24;8:118-126. doi: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2019.01.004. eCollection 2019 Apr.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by is a typical zoonosis circulating in rodents. In Sub-Saharan Africa the reservoirs remain to be identified, although has been detected in several rodent species including members of the genera and . However, differentiation of true reservoir hosts from incidental hosts requires in-depth studies both in the field and in the laboratory, with the best method for testing the infectiousness of hosts to biting vectors being xenodiagnosis. Here we studied experimental infections of three strains in , and the infections were initiated either with sand fly-derived or with culture-derived promastigotes. Inoculated rodents were monitored for several months and tested by xenodiagnoses for their infectiousness to the natural vector of in Sub-Saharan Africa. The distribution and load of parasites were determined using qPCR from the blood, skin and viscera samples. The attractiveness of and to was tested by pair-wise comparisons. Three strains used significantly differed in infectivity: the Middle Eastern strain infected a low proportion of rodents, while two Sub-Saharan isolates (LV109, LV110) infected a high percentage of animals and LV110 also produced higher parasite loads in all host species. All three rodent species maintained parasites of the LV109 strain for 20-25 weeks and were able to infect without apparent health complications: infected animals showed only temporary swellings or changes of pigmentation at the site of inoculation. However, the higher infection rates, more generalized distribution of parasites and longer infectiousness period to sand flies in suggest that this species plays the more important reservoir role in the life cycle of in Sub-Saharan Africa. species may serve as potential reservoirs in seasons/periods of low abundance of .
由[病原体名称缺失]引起的皮肤利什曼病是一种在啮齿动物中传播的典型人畜共患病。在撒哈拉以南非洲，尽管已在包括[属名缺失]属和[属名缺失]属成员在内的几种啮齿动物物种中检测到[病原体名称缺失]，但其储存宿主仍有待确定。然而，要区分真正的储存宿主和偶然宿主，需要在野外和实验室进行深入研究，检测宿主对叮咬媒介感染性的最佳方法是异种诊断。在此，我们研究了三种[病原体名称缺失]菌株对[啮齿动物物种名称缺失]、[啮齿动物物种名称缺失]和[啮齿动物物种名称缺失]的实验性感染，感染分别用沙蝇来源的或培养来源的前鞭毛体启动。对接种的啮齿动物进行了数月监测，并通过异种诊断测试它们对撒哈拉以南非洲[病原体名称缺失]的自然传播媒介[媒介名称缺失]的感染性。使用qPCR从血液、皮肤和内脏样本中确定寄生虫的分布和负荷。通过成对比较测试了[啮齿动物物种名称缺失]和[啮齿动物物种名称缺失]对[媒介名称缺失]的吸引力。使用的三种[病原体名称缺失]菌株在感染性上有显著差异：中东菌株感染的啮齿动物比例较低，而两种撒哈拉以南分离株（LV109、LV110）感染的动物比例较高，并且LV110在所有宿主物种中也产生了更高的寄生虫负荷。所有三种啮齿动物物种都能使LV109菌株的寄生虫存活20 - 25周，并且能够感染[媒介名称缺失]，且无明显健康并发症：受感染动物仅在接种部位出现暂时肿胀或色素沉着变化。然而，[啮齿动物物种名称缺失]中较高的感染率、寄生虫更广泛的分布以及对沙蝇更长的感染期表明，该物种在撒哈拉以南非洲[病原体名称缺失]的生命周期中起着更重要的储存宿主作用。在[啮齿动物物种名称缺失]数量低的季节/时期，[啮齿动物物种名称缺失]物种可能作为潜在的储存宿主。
