Almoudi Manal Mohamed, Hussein Alaa Sabah, Abu Hassan Mohamed Ibrahim, Schroth Robert J
Centre of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia.
Centre of Restorative Dentistry Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia.
Pediatr Int. 2019 Apr;61(4):327-338. doi: 10.1111/ped.13801.
Dental caries and vitamin D inadequacy are known to affect children worldwide. Vitamin D has a vital role in tooth formation. There is growing evidence linking suboptimal serum vitamin D level with dental caries in children. This paper reviews the literature on both the prevalence of dental caries and of vitamin D deficiency in children in four Asian regions, discusses their associated risk factors, and reviews the global evidence on the association between dental caries and vitamin D in children. Caries prevalence in children ranged from 40% to 97% in Eastern Asia, 38-73.7% in Southern Asia, and 26.5-74.7% in Western Asian countries. Moreover, a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Asian children was identified, even in countries in equatorial regions, ranging from 2.8% to 65.3% in Eastern Asia, 5-66.7% in Southern Asia, 4-45.5% in Western Asia and 38.1-78.7% in Central Asian countries. Obesity, age, female gender, higher latitude, season, darker skin pigmentation, sunlight protection behaviors, less sunlight exposure and low intake of food containing vitamin D were important factors associated with lower serum vitamin D in Asia. Suboptimal vitamin D level in children may be a significant risk factor for dental caries, and requires further research to ascertain such an association in children in Asia, as well as to understand its exact influence on caries risk and development.
众所周知，龋齿和维生素D缺乏会影响全球儿童。维生素D在牙齿形成过程中起着至关重要的作用。越来越多的证据表明儿童血清维生素D水平欠佳与龋齿有关。本文综述了四个亚洲地区儿童龋齿患病率和维生素D缺乏情况的文献，讨论了它们的相关风险因素，并综述了全球关于儿童龋齿与维生素D之间关联的证据。东亚儿童龋齿患病率在40%至97%之间，南亚为38%-73.7%，西亚国家为26.5%-74.7%。此外，研究发现亚洲儿童维生素D缺乏的患病率更高，即使在赤道地区的国家也是如此，东亚为2.8%至65.3%，南亚为5%-66.7%，西亚为4%-45.5%，中亚国家为38.1%-78.7%。肥胖、年龄、女性性别、高纬度、季节、皮肤色素沉着较深、防晒行为、日照较少以及维生素D含量高的食物摄入量低是亚洲地区血清维生素D水平较低的重要相关因素。儿童维生素D水平欠佳可能是龋齿的一个重要风险因素，需要进一步研究以确定亚洲儿童中的这种关联，并了解其对龋齿风险和发展的确切影响。
