Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan.
Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation Kimitsu Works, Kimitsu, Japan.
Prev Med. 2019 Apr;121:18-23. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.02.002. Epub 2019 Feb 8.
No information exists regarding the effects of working hours on glucose metabolism in adults with pre-diabetes, a high-risk group for developing diabetes. Further, longitudinal patterns in working hours and their effects on glucose metabolism have not been described previously. We investigated the association between changes in overtime working hours over 3 years and the risk for progression to type 2 diabetes among adults with pre-diabetes. We analyzed patterns of overtime working hours from 2008 to 2011 among 18,172 workers in Japan (16,474 men, aged 30 to 64 years) with pre-diabetes in 2011 (baseline) using the sub-cohort data from the Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health Study. Participants were followed up to March 2016. Overtime working hours per month were self-reported annually in 2008-2011 and trajectory patterns were identified using group-based trajectory modeling. Type 2 diabetes was diagnosed by fasting or random plasma glucose test, hemoglobin A1c, and history of diabetes. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios of incident diabetes were calculated using Cox regression. We identified 3 distinct trajectories of overtime work: persistently short, long-to-short, and persistently long. During a mean follow-up of 3.5 years, 1613 participants (8.9%) developed diabetes. Compared with persistently short overtime working hours, no material increase in diabetes risk was observed for either long-to-short working hours or persistently long working hours. After adjustment for potential confounders, this association was materially unchanged. The results suggest that among individuals with pre-diabetes, persistently long working hours over 3 years were not associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
目前尚无信息表明，对于处于糖尿病前期的成年人（糖尿病高危人群），工作时间会对葡萄糖代谢产生影响。此外，之前尚未描述过工作时间的纵向变化模式及其对葡萄糖代谢的影响。我们研究了 3 年内超时工作时间的变化与糖尿病前期成年人进展为 2 型糖尿病风险之间的关系。我们分析了日本职业健康研究的流行病学合作中 2011 年（基线）有糖尿病前期的 18172 名工人（16474 名男性，年龄 30 至 64 岁）在 2008 年至 2011 年期间的超时工作时间模式，使用该亚队列数据。参与者随访至 2016 年 3 月。2008 年至 2011 年，每月超时工作时间每年自我报告一次，并使用基于群组的轨迹建模来确定轨迹模式。通过空腹或随机血浆葡萄糖试验、血红蛋白 A1c 和糖尿病病史来诊断 2 型糖尿病。使用 Cox 回归计算多变量调整后的发病风险比。我们确定了三种不同的超时工作轨迹：持续短暂、从长到短和持续长。在平均 3.5 年的随访期间，1613 名参与者（8.9%）发生了糖尿病。与持续短暂的超时工作相比，从长到短的工作时间或持续长的工作时间与糖尿病风险的增加没有实质性增加。在调整潜在混杂因素后，这种关联基本保持不变。结果表明，在糖尿病前期人群中，3 年内持续较长的工作时间与发生 2 型糖尿病的风险增加无关。
