Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Core Technology Facility (3rd floor), 46 Grafton Street, M13 9NT, Manchester, UK.
School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Manchester, UK.
Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2019 Apr;33(2):245-259. doi: 10.1007/s10557-019-06862-4.
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is no longer recognised as simply a structural support for the vasculature, and we now know that PVAT releases vasoactive factors which modulate vascular function. Since the discovery of this function in 1991, PVAT research is rapidly growing and the importance of PVAT function in disease is becoming increasingly clear. Obesity is associated with a plethora of vascular conditions; therefore, the study of adipocytes and their effects on the vasculature is vital. PVAT contains an adrenergic system including nerves, adrenoceptors and transporters. In obesity, the autonomic nervous system is dysfunctional; therefore, sympathetic innervation of PVAT may be the key mechanistic link between increased adiposity and vascular disease. In addition, not all obese people develop vascular disease, but a common feature amongst those that do appears to be the inflammatory cell population in PVAT. This review will discuss what is known about sympathetic innervation of PVAT, and the links between nerve activation and inflammation in obesity. In addition, we will examine the therapeutic potential of exercise in sympathetic stimulation of adipose tissue.
血管周脂肪组织（PVAT）不再被仅仅视为血管的结构支持，我们现在知道，PVAT 释放血管活性因子，调节血管功能。自 1991 年发现这一功能以来，PVAT 的研究迅速发展，其在疾病中的作用也越来越明显。肥胖与多种血管疾病有关；因此，研究脂肪细胞及其对血管的影响至关重要。PVAT 包含一个包括神经、肾上腺素能受体和转运体的肾上腺素能系统。在肥胖中，自主神经系统功能失调；因此，PVAT 的交感神经支配可能是肥胖与血管疾病之间增加的关键机制联系。此外，并非所有肥胖的人都会患上血管疾病，但其中一个共同特征似乎是 PVAT 中的炎症细胞群。这篇综述将讨论关于 PVAT 的交感神经支配的已知内容，以及神经激活与肥胖炎症之间的联系。此外，我们还将研究运动对脂肪组织交感神经刺激的治疗潜力。
