J Sport Rehabil. 2020 Mar 1;29(3):339-345. doi: 10.1123/jsr.2018-0084.
Hamstring strain injury (HSI) is the most prevalent injury in football (soccer), and a few intrinsic factors have been associated with higher injury rates.
To describe the prevalence of the main intrinsic risk factors for HSI in professional and under-20 football players.
Cross-sectional study.
Physiotherapy laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (Brazil).
A total of 101 football players (52 professional and 49 under-20 players).
An evidence-based testing protocol for screening HSI risk factors.
Anamnesis, ultrasonography of the hamstrings, passive straight-leg raise test, Functional Movement Screen, and isokinetic dynamometry were performed. Eleven HSI risk factors for each leg were assessed, besides the player's age as a systemic risk factor. Reports were delivered to the coaching staff.
Professionals had greater prevalence of HSI history compared with under-20 players (40% vs 18%). No between-group differences were found for the other screening tests. Altogether, 30% of players had already sustained at least one HSI; 58% had a history of injuries in adjacent regions; 49% had short biceps femoris fascicles; 66% and 21% had poor passive and active flexibility, respectively; 42% and 29% had deficits in functional movements and core stability, respectively; 7% and 26% presented bilateral imbalance for hamstring concentric and eccentric strength, respectively; 87% and 94% obtained low values for hamstring-to-quadriceps conventional and functional ratios, respectively. Two-thirds of players had 3 to 5 risk factors per leg. None of the players was fully free of HSI risk factors.
Most football players present multiple risk factors for sustaining an HSI. Hamstring weakness is the most prevalent risk factor, but the teams should also be aware of deficits in flexibility, core stability, functional movements, and hamstring fascicle length.
腘绳肌拉伤（HSI）是足球（英式足球）中最常见的损伤，一些内在因素与较高的损伤率有关。
描述职业和 20 岁以下足球运动员中 HSI 主要内在危险因素的发生率。
横断面研究。
巴西阿雷格里港联邦健康科学大学的物理治疗实验室。
共有 101 名足球运动员（52 名职业球员和 49 名 20 岁以下球员）。
对 HSI 危险因素进行基于证据的筛选测试。
对每条腿进行病史调查、腘绳肌超声检查、被动直腿抬高试验、功能性运动筛查和等速肌力测试。评估了每条腿的 11 个 HSI 危险因素，以及作为系统性危险因素的运动员年龄。报告提供给教练组。
与 20 岁以下球员相比，职业球员的 HSI 病史发生率更高（40%比 18%）。其他筛选测试未发现组间差异。共有 30%的球员至少发生过一次 HSI；58%的球员有相邻部位受伤史；49%的人股二头肌短束；分别有 66%和 21%的人被动和主动柔韧性较差；分别有 42%和 29%的人功能性运动和核心稳定性不足；分别有 7%和 26%的人双侧腘绳肌向心和离心力量不平衡；分别有 87%和 94%的人股四头肌常规和功能性比值较低。每腿有 3 至 5 个危险因素的球员占三分之二。没有一个球员完全没有 HSI 危险因素。
大多数足球运动员都有多个发生 HSI 的危险因素。腘绳肌力量不足是最常见的危险因素，但球队还应注意柔韧性、核心稳定性、功能性运动和腘绳肌束长度不足的问题。
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