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本文引用的文献

1
Federal Monitoring of Dietary Supplement Use in the Resident, Civilian, Noninstitutionalized US Population, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.联邦对居民、平民、非住院美国人口中膳食补充剂使用情况的监测。全国健康和营养调查。
J Nutr. 2018 Aug;148(Suppl 2):1436S-1444S. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxy093. Epub 2018 Aug 3.
2
National Center for Health Statistics Data Presentation Standards for Proportions.国家卫生统计中心比例数据呈现标准
Vital Health Stat 2. 2017 Aug(175):1-22.
3
Total Usual Nutrient Intakes of US Children (Under 48 Months): Findings from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2016.美国儿童(48 个月以下)总日常营养素摄入量:喂养婴幼儿研究(FITS)2016 年的调查结果。
J Nutr. 2018 Sep 1;148(9S):1557S-1566S. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxy042.
4
Usual nutrient intakes of US infants and toddlers generally meet or exceed Dietary Reference Intakes: findings from NHANES 2009-2012.美国婴幼儿的日常营养素摄入量通常达到或超过膳食参考摄入量:2009 - 2012年美国国家健康与营养检查调查结果
Am J Clin Nutr. 2016 Oct;104(4):1167-1174. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.137752. Epub 2016 Sep 14.
5
Trends in Breastfeeding Initiation and Duration by Birth Weight Among US Children, 1999-2012.1999 - 2012年美国儿童按出生体重划分的母乳喂养起始率和持续时间趋势
JAMA Pediatr. 2016 Aug 1;170(8):805-7. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.0820.
6
Update on NHANES Dietary Data: Focus on Collection, Release, Analytical Considerations, and Uses to Inform Public Policy.美国国家健康与营养检查调查(NHANES)饮食数据更新:聚焦数据收集、发布、分析考量及用于为公共政策提供信息的用途
Adv Nutr. 2016 Jan 15;7(1):121-34. doi: 10.3945/an.115.009258. Print 2016 Jan.
7
National health and nutrition examination survey: sample design, 2011-2014.国家健康与营养检查调查:样本设计,2011 - 2014年
Vital Health Stat 2. 2014 Mar(162):1-33.
8
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: sample design, 2007-2010.国家健康与营养检查调查:样本设计,2007 - 2010年
Vital Health Stat 2. 2013 Aug(160):1-23.
9
Executive summary: Evaluating the evidence base to support the inclusion of infants and children from birth to 24 mo of age in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans--"the B-24 Project".执行摘要:评估证据基础以支持将出生至 24 个月龄的婴儿和儿童纳入《美国人膳食指南》——“B-24 项目”。
Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Mar;99(3):663S-91S. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.072140. Epub 2014 Feb 5.
10
Data needs for B-24 and beyond: NHANES data relevant for nutrition surveillance of infants and young children.B-24 及以后的数据需求:NHANES 数据与婴幼儿营养监测相关。
Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Mar;99(3):747S-54S. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.069062. Epub 2014 Jan 22.

美国<24 个月龄婴幼儿中膳食补充剂的使用情况:NHANES 2007-2014 年。

Dietary Supplement Use among Infants and Toddlers Aged <24 Months in the United States, NHANES 2007-2014.

机构信息

Office of Dietary Supplements, NIH, Bethesda, MD.

Division of Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, National Center for Health Statistics, CDC, Hyattsville, MD.

出版信息

J Nutr. 2019 Feb 1;149(2):314-322. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxy269.

DOI:10.1093/jn/nxy269
PMID:30753556
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6551282/
Abstract

BACKGROUND

Limited nationally representative data are available on dietary supplement (DS) use and resulting nutrient exposures among infants and toddlers.

OBJECTIVE

This study evaluated DS use among US infants and toddlers to characterize DS use, estimate nutrient intake from DSs, and assess trends in DS use over time.

METHODS

Using nationally representative data from NHANES (2007-2014) and trends over time (1999-2014), we estimated prevalence of DS use and types of products used for US infants and toddlers aged <2 y (n = 2823). We estimated median daily intakes of vitamins and minerals consumed via DSs for all participants aged <2 y, by age groups (0-11.9 mo and 12.0-23.9 mo), and by feeding practices for infants 0-5.9 mo.

RESULTS

Overall, 18.2% (95% CI: 16.2%, 20.3%) of infants and toddlers used ≥1 DS in the past 30 d. Use was lower among infants (0-5.9 mo: 14.6%; 95% CI: 11.5%, 18.1%; 6-11.9 mo: 11.6%; 95% CI: 8.8%, 15.0%) than among toddlers (12-23.9 mo: 23.3%; 95% CI: 20.4%, 26.3%). The most commonly reported DSs were vitamin D and multivitamin infant drops for those <12 mo, and chewable multivitamin products for toddlers (12-23.9 mo). The nutrients most frequently consumed from DSs were vitamins D, A, C, and E for those <2 y; for infants <6 mo, a higher percentage of those fed breast milk than those fed formula consumed these nutrients via DSs. DS use remained steady for infants (6-11.9 mo) and toddlers from 1999-2002 to 2011-2014, but increased from 7% to 20% for infants aged 0-5.9 mo.

CONCLUSIONS

One in 5 infants and toddlers aged <2 y use ≥1 DS. Future studies should examine total nutrient intake from foods, beverages, and DSs to evaluate nutrient adequacy overall and by nutrient source.

摘要

背景

关于婴幼儿食用膳食补充剂(DS)及其营养素摄入量的全国代表性数据有限。

目的

本研究评估了美国婴幼儿 DS 的使用情况,以明确 DS 的使用情况、估算 DS 中营养素的摄入量,并评估 DS 使用随时间的变化趋势。

方法

使用来自 NHANES(2007-2014 年)的全国代表性数据和随时间的变化趋势(1999-2014 年),我们估计了年龄<2 岁的美国婴幼儿 DS 的使用情况和使用的产品类型(n=2823)。我们估计了<2 岁所有参与者通过 DS 摄入的维生素和矿物质的日均摄入量,按年龄组(0-11.9 个月和 12.0-23.9 个月)和 0-5.9 个月婴儿的喂养方式进行了估计。

结果

总体而言,18.2%(95%CI:16.2%,20.3%)的婴幼儿在过去 30 天内使用了≥1 种 DS。0-5.9 个月婴儿的使用率较低(0-5.9 个月:14.6%;95%CI:11.5%,18.1%;6-11.9 个月:11.6%;95%CI:8.8%,15.0%),而 12-23.9 个月婴儿的使用率较高(23.3%;95%CI:20.4%,26.3%)。<12 个月婴儿最常报告的 DS 是维生素 D 和婴儿滴剂、多维生素,12-23.9 个月婴儿最常报告的是咀嚼型多维生素产品。<2 岁儿童中最常从 DS 中摄取的营养素是维生素 D、A、C 和 E;对于<6 个月的婴儿,母乳喂养的婴儿比配方奶喂养的婴儿通过 DS 摄入这些营养素的比例更高。1999-2002 年至 2011-2014 年,0-11.9 个月婴儿和 12-23.9 个月婴儿的 DS 使用量保持稳定,但 0-5.9 个月婴儿的 DS 使用量从 7%增加到 20%。

结论

1/5 的<2 岁婴幼儿使用了≥1 种 DS。未来的研究应评估从食物、饮料和 DS 中摄取的总营养素,以评估整体和营养素来源的营养素充足性。