JaBaay Natalie R, Nel Nikita H, Comstock Sarah S
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Children (Basel). 2023 Jan 19;10(2):190. doi: 10.3390/children10020190.
Identifying the consumption patterns of toddlers and preschool children is critical to evaluating their potential for healthy development and future heath trajectories. The purpose of this longitudinal cohort study was to describe breastfeeding, nutritional trends, and dietary diversity in 12-to-36-month-old children in a Michigan cohort. Mothers completed surveys when their children were 12 ( = 44), 24 ( = 46) and 36 months old ( = 32). Mothers reported their child's dietary intake in the past 24 h and intake of specific foods in the past year. About 95% of 12-to-24-month-old children in the study population were ever breastfed, with 70% consuming human milk at 6 months and just over 40% at 12 months. Over 90% of participants gave their child a bottle since birth, with 75% providing human milk and 69% giving formula. Consumption of juice significantly increased with age and ~55% of the 36-month-old children consumed juice. A larger proportion of children consumed soda, chocolate, and candy as they aged. Though dietary diversity numerically increased with child age, this did not reach significance. Gut microbiota composition and structure was not associated with diet diversity. This research lays the foundation for future work to determine which nutritional interventions may be most effective in this population.
识别幼儿和学龄前儿童的消费模式对于评估他们健康发展的潜力和未来的健康轨迹至关重要。这项纵向队列研究的目的是描述密歇根队列中12至36个月大儿童的母乳喂养情况、营养趋势和饮食多样性。母亲们在孩子12个月（n = 44）、24个月（n = 46）和36个月大（n = 32）时完成了调查。母亲们报告了孩子在过去24小时内的饮食摄入量以及过去一年中特定食物的摄入量。研究人群中约95%的12至24个月大的儿童曾经接受过母乳喂养，6个月时70%的儿童食用母乳，12个月时略高于40%。超过90%的参与者从孩子出生起就给他们奶瓶，其中75%提供母乳，69%提供配方奶。果汁的消费量随着年龄的增长而显著增加，36个月大的儿童中有约55%饮用果汁。随着年龄的增长，食用苏打水、巧克力和糖果的儿童比例更大。尽管饮食多样性在数值上随着孩子年龄的增长而增加，但这并不显著。肠道微生物群的组成和结构与饮食多样性无关。这项研究为未来确定哪些营养干预措施可能对该人群最有效奠定了基础。
