Franz Marion J
a Nutrition Concepts by Franz, Inc., 6635 Limerick Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55439, USA.
Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Nov;7(6):647-657. doi: 10.1586/eem.12.56.
Studies documenting the effectiveness of medical nutrition therapy for Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes report improvements in hemoglobin A (A1C), as well as in other outcomes. A variety of nutrition therapy interventions are effective. Under debate is the role of carbohydrate intake on glycemic control and weight loss in individuals with Type 2 diabetes. Some studies have reported improvements in glycemic control from reducing carbohydrate intake; however, other trials have reported no significant changes in A1C with a lower carbohydrate eating pattern. Studies comparing low-carbohydrate or low-fat diets for weight loss at 12 months report similar amounts of weight loss. Evidence for the usefulness of the glycemic index concept is debatable. For the majority of people with diabetes moderate alcohol consumption with food will have minimal, if any, acute or long-term effects on glycemic control, and may have beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity and decreased risk for coronary heart disease.
记录医学营养疗法对1型和2型糖尿病有效性的研究报告称，糖化血红蛋白（A1C）以及其他指标都有所改善。多种营养疗法干预措施都很有效。关于碳水化合物摄入量在2型糖尿病患者血糖控制和体重减轻方面的作用仍存在争议。一些研究报告称，减少碳水化合物摄入量可改善血糖控制；然而，其他试验报告称，采用低碳水化合物饮食模式时，A1C并无显著变化。比较低碳水化合物或低脂肪饮食在12个月时减肥效果的研究报告称，体重减轻量相似。血糖指数概念的实用性证据存在争议。对于大多数糖尿病患者而言，进食时适量饮酒对血糖控制的急性或长期影响极小（如果有影响的话），并且可能对胰岛素敏感性有有益影响，降低冠心病风险。
