Spotts Robert A, Wallis Kelly M, Serdani Maryna, Azarenko Anita N
Mid-Columbia Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Oregon State University, Hood River 97031.
Department of Botany and Plant Pathology.
Plant Dis. 2010 Mar;94(3):345-350. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-94-3-0345.
This study was done to (i) compare seven types of natural or horticultural injuries and wounds for incidence, severity, and mortality of infection of sweet cherry (Prunus avium) by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae; (ii) determine the relative resistance to bacterial canker of 14 cultivar-rootstock combinations; (iii) determine if P. syringae pv. syringae is transmitted by contaminated pruning tools; and (iv) determine if summer and winter pruning cuts become resistant to infection. Infection occurred at all of the seven types of injury and wound sites on both cvs. Sunset Bing and Golden Heart. Infection of inoculated wounds made in spring and summer (heading cuts when trees were planted, scoring cuts, and summer pruning) resulted in the greatest canker incidence and severity. Inoculation of heading cuts resulted in the highest tree mortality (86%). 'Bing' and 'Sweetheart' were the most susceptible cultivars while 'Regina' and 'Rainier' appeared to be more resistant. Bing trees had the highest mortality of any cultivar with 70% dead at the end of the 3-year study. Canker severity of the three rootstocks varied considerably but mortality was greatest for trees on Gisela 6 (77%). Bacterial canker was not transmitted in summer or winter by cutting through active cankers, then immediately using the same pruning tool to make heading cuts on healthy trees. Heading cuts became resistant to infection after about 1 week in summer and 3 weeks in winter. Results are discussed as part of an integrated management program for bacterial canker of sweet cherry.
（i）比较七种自然或园艺损伤及伤口，以了解丁香假单胞菌丁香致病变种对甜樱桃（欧洲甜樱桃）感染的发生率、严重程度及死亡率；（ii）确定14个品种 - 砧木组合对细菌性溃疡病的相对抗性；（iii）确定丁香假单胞菌丁香致病变种是否通过受污染的修剪工具传播；（iv）确定夏季和冬季修剪伤口是否会变得对感染具有抗性。在‘日落冰莹’和‘金心’两个品种的所有七种损伤和伤口部位均发生了感染。春季和夏季造成的接种伤口（树木定植时的短截、刻伤和夏季修剪）导致溃疡病发生率和严重程度最高。短截接种导致树木死亡率最高（86%）。‘冰莹’和‘甜心’是最易感品种，而‘雷吉娜’和‘雷尼尔’似乎更具抗性。在为期3年的研究结束时，‘冰莹’树的死亡率在所有品种中最高，达70%。三种砧木上溃疡病的严重程度差异很大，但吉塞拉6号砧木上的树木死亡率最高（77%）。在夏季或冬季，通过切割活跃溃疡病斑，然后立即使用同一修剪工具对健康树木进行短截，细菌性溃疡病不会传播。夏季大约1周后、冬季大约3周后，短截伤口对感染变得具有抗性。作为甜樱桃细菌性溃疡病综合管理计划的一部分，对结果进行了讨论。
