Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, Inserm U1058, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
Department of Paediatrics and Child health, University Teaching Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2019 Jun;30(4):479-487. doi: 10.1111/pai.13037. Epub 2019 Mar 31.
Human breast milk cells remain poorly characterized for the presence of unconventional T lymphocytes and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs).
Early breast milk was collected from eight HIV-uninfected and 11 HIV-infected women 3-12 days after delivery. Mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT cells), TCR γδ cells, and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) were analyzed in breast milk and paired blood samples.
CD161+/TRAV1-2 + MAIT cells were detected in breast milk, accounting for a median (IQR) of 0.08% (0.06-0.16) and 0.17% (0.16-0.31) of CD45+ breast milk cells in HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected women, respectively. A selective compartmentalization of γδ T lymphocytes was observed in breast milk. Median (IQR) frequency of γδ T lymphocytes was 8.95% (8.64-12.14) among breast milk lymphocyte cells compared to 2.54% (1.81-4.10) in blood (P = 0.03) in HIV-uninfected women, and 7.26% (4.22-10.54) in breast milk versus 3.31% (2.54-3.80) in blood (P = 0.004) from HIV-infected women. The proportion of group 1 ILC (ILC1) among total ILCs was higher in breast milk compared to blood in HIV-uninfected women (P = 0.03) and HIV-infected women (P = 0.001). The frequency of ILC2 among total ILCs tends to be lower in breast milk compared to blood in HIV-uninfected women (P = 0.06) and HIV-infected women (P = 0.03).
Unconventional T cells and ILCs that may be involved in both the protection against infection of the lactating mammary gland and maturation of infant's gut and microbiomes account for a detectable fraction of breast milk cells.
人乳中非常规 T 淋巴细胞和固有淋巴细胞（ILC）的存在特征仍不清楚。
从 8 名未感染 HIV 的妇女和 11 名 HIV 感染的妇女分娩后 3-12 天收集初乳。分析乳汁和配对血样中的黏膜相关不变 T 细胞（MAIT 细胞）、TCR γδ 细胞和固有淋巴细胞（ILC）。
在乳汁中检测到 CD161+/TRAV1-2+MAIT 细胞，分别占未感染 HIV 和感染 HIV 的妇女乳汁中 CD45+细胞的 0.08%（0.06-0.16）和 0.17%（0.16-0.31）。在乳汁中观察到 γδ T 淋巴细胞的选择性分隔。未感染 HIV 的妇女乳汁中 γδ T 淋巴细胞的中位数（IQR）频率为 8.95%（8.64-12.14），而血液中为 2.54%（1.81-4.10）（P=0.03）；感染 HIV 的妇女乳汁中 γδ T 淋巴细胞的中位数（IQR）频率为 7.26%（4.22-10.54），而血液中为 3.31%（2.54-3.80）（P=0.004）。与血液相比，未感染 HIV 的妇女乳汁中 ILC1 组（ILC1）在总 ILC 中的比例较高（P=0.03）和感染 HIV 的妇女（P=0.001）。与血液相比，未感染 HIV 的妇女乳汁中 ILC2 占总 ILC 的频率较低（P=0.06）和感染 HIV 的妇女（P=0.03）。
参与保护哺乳期乳腺免受感染和婴儿肠道及微生物组成熟的非常规 T 细胞和 ILC 占乳汁细胞的可检测部分。
